Fuels

Aviation is of crucial importance for the transportation sector and fundamental for the economy as it facilitates trade and private travel. Nonetheless, this sector is responsible for a great amount of global carbon dioxide emissions, exceeding 920 million tonnes annually. Alternative energy fuels (AEFs) can be considered as a promising solution to tackle this issue, with the potential to lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels in the aviation industry. A life cycle analysis is performed considering an aircraft running on conventional jet fuel and various alternative fuels (biojet, methanol and DME), including hydrogen and ammonia. The comparative assessment investigates different fuel production pathways, including the following: JETA-1 and biojet fuels via hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (HEFAs), as well as hydrogen and ammonia employing water electrolysis using wind and solar photovoltaic collectors. The outputs of the assessment are quantified in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, acidification, eutrophication, eco-toxicity, human toxicity and carcinogens. The life cycle phases included the following: (i) the construction, maintenance and disposal of airports; (ii) the operation and maintenance of aircrafts; and (iii) the production, transportation and utilisation of aviation fuel in aircrafts. The results suggest that hydrogen is a more environmentally benign alternative compared to JETA-1, biojet fuel, methanol, DME and ammonia.

Evanthia A. Nanaki

Spyros Kiartzis

Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Fuels for Aircrafts—A Life Cycle Analysis Approach

飞机替代能源燃料的可持续性评估——生命周期分析方法

A single planar hydraulic fracture is typically the primary component used to simulate hydraulic fracturing stimulation in conventional reservoirs. However, in ultra-low-permeability shale reservoirs, a large system of fracture networks must be generated to produce hydrocarbons economically. Therefore, traditional modeling approaches centered on single planar fractures are inadequate for accurately representing the intricate geometry and behavior of fractures in these reservoirs. In previous works, 2D fractal fracture networks (FFNs) have been used to generate sets of hydraulic and natural fractures based on microseismic event (MSE) data. Since microseismic data are retrieved in 3D space, the aforementioned model cannot accurately represent induced fracture properties. The objective of this paper is to study in detail the recently developed 2D FFN model and propose a novel solution by expanding the previous model to accommodate real 3D microseismic data. First, the definitions of the 2D FFN model are described, and associated calibration mechanisms are proposed. Next, the 3D FFN model and its calibration system are demonstrated. While the novel 3D calibration solution utilizes an identical matching concept to the 2D methodology, the residual distances between the nodes and the MSE are calculated in 3D spaces. Finally, a set of real microseismic data are used to calibrate the generation of 3D fractals using the proposed workflow. The interactions between microseismicity and fractured reservoir dynamics are represented through the integration of fractal fracture models and microseismic data. This work contributes to advancing the current understanding of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs and provides a valuable framework for improving fracture modeling’s accuracy in reservoir engineering applications.

Tri Pham

Tan Bui-Thanh

Quoc Nguyen

Microseismicity-Based Modelling of Induced Fracture Networks in Unconventional Reservoirs

基于微震监测的非常规储层诱发裂缝网络建模

Poor wellbore cleaning is a significant challenge in oil drilling, primarily due to the accumulation of cuttings at the bottom of the well, particularly in deviated and horizontal wells. This study addresses this issue by employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT (2023-R1) to simulate a solid–liquid multiphase flow in an annulus. The primary objective is to analyze the cuttings concentration, pressure loss, and solid velocity profiles across various drilling parameters, including drill pipe rotation, the flow rate, rate of penetration, inclination angle, and fluid rheology. Our results underscore the critical role of these parameters in enhancing cuttings transport efficiency. Specifically, the drill pipe rotation, flow rate, and rate of penetration emerge as the most influential factors affecting the wellbore cleaning performance. With a validated model exhibiting an average error of 4.24%, this study provides insights into optimizing drilling operations to improve wellbore cleaning and increase hydrocarbon recovery.

Bachir Doghmane

Younes Hadj Guenaoui

Aimen Laalam

Habib Ouadi

A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on the Effect of Drilling Parameters on Wellbore Cleaning in Oil Wells

油井井筒清洗中钻井参数影响的计算流体动力学研究

In this work, dry carbonization (DC) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) pellets were conducted to evaluate the physical, chemical, and fuel properties of the produced chars. In the dry carbonization tests, biomass sawdust was incorporated in different proportions on the samples to minimize agglomeration caused by the melting of the plastic fraction. The experiments were carried out in a temperature of 400 °C (DC) and 250–300 °C (HTC), in a residence time of 30 min. The respective chars and hydrochars were characterized according to their mass yield, apparent density, proximate, elemental, and mineral composition, chlorine content, high heating value, thermogravimetric profile, and surface functional groups. The results showed that the dry carbonization of RDF pellets with biomass incorporation, followed by a washing step, resulted in the production of chars with improved properties such as higher fixed carbon and higher heating value (HHV) (25–26 MJ/kg) and lower ash and chlorine content. Additionally, the HTC experiments demonstrated that hydrochars showed improved properties without the need for biomass addition and washing, however, with no significant difference in the HHV (20–21 MJ/kg). Therefore, DC of RDF pellets with 10% biomass incorporation seems to be a promising option to overcome the constraints of RDF utilization as an alternative fuel.

Andrei Longo

Nuno Pacheco

Roberta Panizio

Cândida Vilarinho

Paulo Brito

Margarida Gonçalves

Carbonization of Refuse-Derived Fuel Pellets with Biomass Incorporation to Solid Fuel Production

垃圾衍生燃料颗粒的碳化与生物质掺入制备固体燃料

How accurate are current estimation methods for fugitive methane emissions in methane-producing facilities, and how do they vary across biogas plants, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and landfills? Based on this, the hypothesis posited in this study is that current methods significantly underestimate methane emissions, particularly in WWTPs and biogas plants, due to limitations in accounting for recovered methane and the reliance on general parameters such as the oxidation factor. To test this, a comparative analysis was carried out involving 33 biogas plants, 87 WWTPs, and 119 landfills in the Iberian Peninsula, comparing officially recorded data with estimates derived from our own calculations. Our findings confirm the lack of precision in current emission estimation methods, particularly for WWTPs and biogas plants, where factors like the omission of recovered methane lead to underreporting. This study highlights that WWTPs emit the largest amount of methane due to their organic material processing, exceeding emissions from landfills and biogas plants. In contrast, methods for estimating emissions in landfills are found to be more reliable. The results suggest that improving calculation methodologies, especially for WWTPs and biogas plants, as well as enhancing leak monitoring and methane recovery systems, is crucial to reducing the environmental impact of methane-producing facilities.

Daniel Gil-García

Marta Revuelta-Aramburu

Carlos Morales-Polo

María del Mar Cledera-Castro

Optimizing Methane Recovery for Fuels: A Comparative Study of Fugitive Emissions in Biogas Plants, WWTPs, and Landfills

优化甲烷回收用于燃料：对沼气厂、污水处理厂和垃圾填埋场逸散排放的比较研究

Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation provides numerous advantages such as high combined heat and power (CHP) efficiency, potentially long-term material stability, and the use of low-cost materials. However, due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction at intermediate temperatures (500–700 °C), the cathode of SOFC requires an efficient and stable catalyst. Significant progress in the development of cathode materials has been made over recent years. In this article, multiple strategies for improving the performance of cathode materials have been extensively reviewed such as A- and B-site doping of perovskites, infiltration of catalytic active materials, the use of core-shell composites, etc. Emphasis has been given to intrinsic properties such as chemical and thermal stability and oxygen transport number. Furthermore, to avoid any insulating phase formation at the cathode/electrolyte interface, strategies for interfacial layer modifications have also been extensively reviewed and summarized. Based on major technical challenges, future research directions have been proposed for efficient and stable intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation.

Jamila Nisar

Gurpreet Kaur

Sarbjit Giddey

Suresh Bhargava

Lathe Jones

Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料

The journal Fuels (ISSN: 2673-3994) was launched in 2020 [...]

Badie Morsi

The Updated Scope of Fuels

燃料的最新范围

In current times, the diminishing reserves of petroleum, increased energy consumption across various sectors, and their consequential environmental impact have become apparent. Consequently, it is necessary to develop sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources to meet growing demands. The article aimed to blend castor and neem oils (in a 50:50 ratio) to rectify the drawbacks present in castor biodiesel such as elevated kinematic viscosity and density. Response surface methodology was used to study the optimization of the two-step biodiesel production process through the use of a central composite design (CCD). For the esterification step, a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 7.5:1, 1.75 wt.% of H2SO4, and a temperature of 55 °C were optimal. In the transesterification step, optimized conditions included a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, 2.50 wt.% of calcium oxide, a temperature of 55 °C, and a stirring speed of 900 rpm, resulting in a 93% yield of methyl ester. Different properties of produced biodiesel were examined using the standard values provided by EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. The production of biodiesel from a mixture of castor and neem oils did not have any adverse impacts on food security.

Hamid Ayyub

Muhammad Arslan

Muhammad Jamshaid

Akbar Ali Qureshi

Arslan Ahmed

Haji Hassan Masjuki

Md. Abul Kalam

Farah Binti Ahmad

Hafiz Liaqat Ali

Muhammad Umair Ahsan Khan

Muhammad Umer Khallidoon

Esterification and Transesterification Optimization Processes of Nonedible (Castor and Neem) Oils for the Production of Biodiesel

非食用（蓖麻和苦楝）油酯化和酯交换优化过程用于生物柴油生产

短名
Journal Impact	2.71
国际分区	ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL(Q3)

涉及主题	工程类化学有机化学生物物理废物管理生态学生物化学热力学材料科学量子力学催化作用物理化学环境科学化学工程地质学燃烧计算机科学海洋学航空航天工程色谱法生物技术生物燃料数学机械工程复合材料
出版信息	出版商: MDPI AG，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 2020，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:3.70%， Gold OA占比: 100.00%
期刊费用	$详情
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：7 Weeks

Fuels

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Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Fuels for Aircrafts—A Life Cycle Analysis Approach

Microseismicity-Based Modelling of Induced Fracture Networks in Unconventional Reservoirs

A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on the Effect of Drilling Parameters on Wellbore Cleaning in Oil Wells

Carbonization of Refuse-Derived Fuel Pellets with Biomass Incorporation to Solid Fuel Production

Optimizing Methane Recovery for Fuels: A Comparative Study of Fugitive Emissions in Biogas Plants, WWTPs, and Landfills

Microseismicity-Based Modelling of Induced Fracture Networks in Unconventional Reservoirs

Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Fuels for Aircrafts—A Life Cycle Analysis Approach

Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The Updated Scope of Fuels

Esterification and Transesterification Optimization Processes of Nonedible (Castor and Neem) Oils for the Production of Biodiesel