Pribory i Metody Izmerenij

The main characteristics of airborne micro/nanoparticles, their impact on human health and air quality standards are presented. International standards classify microparticles by size (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, UFP), establish maximum allowable concentrations and control methods. Particular attention is paid to carbonand virus-containing microparticles control. To monitor the air environment in enclosed spaces and in transport, the portable sensors of micro-, nanoparticles are required with the ability to classify them by size and electrophysical characteristics.
Detection of microparticles includes the sorting of particles entering the sensor by size and material type, subsequent actual detection of particles of the same kind, with subsequent classification by size, electrical and morphological characteristics. Separation of nanoand microparticles by size before detection improves the sensitivity and selectivity of the detector both in size and material. The virtual impactor and dielectrophoresis method are considered for integration in a Lab-on-Chip type sensor. Detection of microparticles is performed by separating the dispersed phase from the aerosol followed by the analysis, or directly in the air flow. The classification of detection methods according to speed and functionality is given. Among the methods allowing detection of micrometer and submicrometer size particles, the most suitable for miniaturization and serial production of Lab-on-Chip sensors are the multi-wavelength photoelectric, MEMS, and capacitor elements.
The microelectromechanics, microfluidics and microoptics technologies make it possible to create portable sensor systems of the Lab-on-Chip type to detect particulates matter of micrometer and submicrometer size. A micro-, nanoparticles detector prototype based on alumina technology using MEMS elements for a compact Lab-on-Chip type sensor is presented. The proposed design for multifunctional portable detector of airborne micro/nanoparticles is prospective for industry, transport, medicine, public and residential buildings applications.

N. I. Mukhurov

A. A. Khodin

Y.-J. Kim

Devices and Methods of Measurements

Prib. metody izmer.

Devices and Methods for Measuring of the Ambient Air Dust. Short Review

Currently, non-destructive testing is an interdisciplinary field of science and technology that serves to ensure the safe functioning of complex technical systems in the face of multifactorial risks. In this regard, there is a need to consider new information technologies based on intellectual perception, recognition technology, and general network integration. The purpose of this work was to develop an ultrasonic flaw detector, which uses a smartphone to process the test results, as well as transfer them directly to an powerful information processing center, or to a cloud storage to share operational information with specialists from anywhere in the world.
The proposed flaw detector consists of a sensor unit and a smartphone. The exchange of information between the sensor and the smartphone takes place using wireless networks that use "bluetooth" technology. To ensure the operation of the smartphone in the ultrasonic flaw detector mode, the smartphone has software installed that runs in the Android operating system and implements the proposed algorithm of the device, and can serve as a repeater for processing data over a considerable distance (up to hundreds and thousands of kilometers) if it necessary.
The experimental data comparative analysis of the developed device with the Einstein-II flaw detector from Modsonic (India) and the TS-2028H+ flaw detector from Tru-Test (New Zealand) showed that the proposed device is not inferior to them in terms of such characteristics as the range of measured thicknesses, the relative error in determining the depth defect and the object thickness. When measuring small thicknesses from 5 to 10 mm, the proposed device even surpasses them, providing a relative measurement error of the order of 1 %, while analogues give this error within 2–3 %.

V. F. Petryk

A. G. Protasov

R. M. Galagan

A. V. Muraviov

I. I. Lysenko

Smartphone-Based Automated Non-Destructive Testing Devices

The permanent magnetic field in addition to electromagnetic radiation has a significant effect on performance of devices. This is particularly true for highly sensitive precision measuring equipment, such as, for example, magnetometers or photomultiplier tubes. In this regard a new high-performance materials for protection against permanent fields and electromagnetic radiation need to be developed. The purpose of this paper is a development of a hardware and software complex for high-precision determination of permanent magnetic field attenuation coefficient and certification of protective materials.
This paper describes an experimental installation for determining the attenuation coefficient of a permanent magnetic field using materials and coatings on standard package for electronic equipment. The installation ensures a uniform magnetic field flow in the measurement volume. The advantage of the measuring device is the ability to measure magnetic field in three coordinates due to the use of three pairs of Helmholtz coils and a three-dimensional Hall sensor. The software will enable to control of the magnetic field in all three directions, simulating the real operating conditions of devices that require protection from such influences. In addition, a movable positioning system makes it possible to compensate for the Earth's magnetic field, which increases the accuracy of estimating the attenuation coefficient by protective materials in weak magnetic field.
An alternative use of the capabilities of the installation is to test the performance of the devices in a permanent magnetic field and evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility. Experimental results of the work includes determination of the magnetic field attenuation coefficient using standard photomultiplier tube package made of electrolytically deposited permalloy and the sheet of annealed permalloy. Thus, the effect of annealing and closed magnetic circuit on the degree of weakening of the magnetic field is shown. It has been demonstrated that annealing which causes a significant increase in the magnetic permeability promotes an effective attenuation of weak magnetic fields (up to 1 mT). In magnetic fields with an induction of 1 mT or more, effective attenuation is provided by a closed magnetic circuit.

V. M. Fedosyuk

Experimental Installation for Determination of Attenuation Coefficient of Permanent Magnetic Field by Protective Materials

Presently it is important to remove mechanically disturbed layer on wafer surface during creation of up-to-date microelectronic products. Rapid thermal treatment with optical pulses of second duration is one of the applicable methods for removing disturbances in crystal lattice emerging after ion implantation. However the crystal structure of mechanically disturbed layer on wafer planar side is still unclear. Researches by transmission electronic method, analysis of diffraction reflection curve and electronic Auger spectroscopy has failed to provide reliable data about the state of crystal lattice in surface layer of at least 30 nm thickness. Hence it was impossible to suggest a model of solid phase recrystallization and to present its mathematical description. The goals of the work were as follows: – identify of silicon crystal lattice state in surface layer of 30 nm thickness before and after rapid thermal treatment by backward reflected electrons diffraction method using raw Si wafers surface; – analysis of contamination element composition on the surface of raw silicon before and after rapid thermal treatment; – model development for solid phase recrystallization of surface disturbed layer after rapid thermal treatment and its mathematical description. Images of back ward reflected electrons diffraction using surface layer of raw silicon wafers' of 30 nm thickness and also the results of the planar surface of raw silicon wafers' cleaning from impurities are provided. Processes reducing the activating energy of mechanically disturbed silicon layer recrystallization process were suggested and its mathematical description was provided. Parameters of rapid thermal treatment mitigating the thermal impact on silicon wafer for recrystallization of mechanically disturbed layer on its planar surface ware defined.

U. A. Pilipenko

A. A. Sergeichik

D. V. Shestovski

V. A. Solodukha

Structure of Silicon Wafers Planar Surface before and after Rapid Thermal Treatment

Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis is one of the main methods for determining the elemental composition of matter. Possessing high locality and a relatively shallow penetration depth of the electron beam (&lt; 1 μm), this method has found wide application in the field of microelectronics, as the main method for analyzing the elemental composition of matter. The method allows to study the surface of a substance both pointwise and over an area with the construction of element distribution maps. In the paper we investigated the influence of long-term and rapid heat treatments on the formation of the aluminum-polysilicon interface in order to study the formation of ohmic contacts in the element base of integrated circuits. The aluminumpolysilicon interface was studied using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. It has been established that during long-term thermal annealing (450 °C, 20 min) polysilicon is completely dissolved in aluminum followed by its segregation in the form of separate agglomerates in the aluminum film, which can lead to a complete failure of the integrated circuit. During rapid thermal annealing (450 °C, 7 s) such a phenomenon was not detected. Thus it is advisable to use rapid thermal annealing as an alternative to traditional long-term thermal annealing in microelectronics. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the dissolution of polysilicon in aluminum, avoid the destruction of ohmic contacts and increase the percentage of yield of workable 0products in the process of integrated circuits' manufacturing.

N. S. Kovalchuk

D. V. Zhyhulin

Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis – as a Method for Study the Aluminium-Polysilicon Interface after Exposure with Long-Term and Rapid Thermal Annealing

The article describes experience of practical application of the differential thermoelectric tester "THERMO FITNESS TESTING". Description of the sensor design and results of differential thermoelectromotive force measurement for a large group of metals widely used in Russia are given. Usage of the "THERMO FITNESS TESTING" device to test the quality of R6M5 steel heat treatment is described. Dependence of thermoelectromotive force on the heating temperature which can be used for practical purposes was obtained. Usage the "THERMO FITNESS TESTING" to measure the thickness of a cemented (carburized) layer of 12KH2N4А steel is considered. Dependence of the thermoelectromotive force on the thickness of the cementation layer was also obtained.

A. A. Soldatov

A. I. Soldatov

M. A. Kostina

A. A. Abouellail

Hands-on Experience of THERMO FITNESS TESTING Device Use for Thermoelectric Evaluation of Metallic Materials

Accurate and reliable measurements of the total solar radiation flux make it possible to evaluate the efficiency of using stand-alone photovaltaic systems in various meteorological conditions. These measurements allow more accurately predict in time the energy production volume, accumulator and capacitive storage devices parameters and the payback period. Research purpose was to study the possibility of creating a photoelectric sensor and a method of uninterrupted measurement based on this sensor which allows to measure total solar radiation flux including its direct, diffused and reflected components simultaneously. The photovaltaic sensor with bifacial photosensitivity was manufactured and applied, which is low-inertia comparing to traditional thermoelectric pyranometers, and its spectral sensitivity is quite close to the same parameter of photovoltaic power supply system. It creates the possibility to estimate the insolation level capable to be completely converted into electrical energy without an ineffective heat-generating long-wavelength part of the solar spectrum. A laboratory measuring stand was made to test the sensor's operability. Modeling and experiments’ the sensor parameters were carried out and confirmed its operability. The bifacial photosensitivity sensor allows to control simultaneously direct, diffused and reflected from the earth's surface components of solar radiation, what gives more complete information about the energy potential of the photovoltaic power supply system location.

V. P. Vasilevich

M. Y. Zbyshinskaya

Bifacial Photovоltaic Sensor for Insolation Energy Resource Monitoring

Experimental studies of the surface of non-metallic materials have been carried out to determine the roughness parameters of materials such as leather, bone, wood, plastic after processing the surface of materials with a laser beam. To assess the quality of the surface layer of materials, the depth of penetration of laser radiation into the material, the average value of the micro unevenness, and the mean square deviation of the micro unevenness were used. To describe the changes in the values of the micro unevenness, graphs of the correlation of the parameters of the micro unevenness and the modulus of elasticity of the surface of various non-metallic materials were used. Approximating polynomials are used to describe the correlations with the representation in a computer. A regression model is proposed that relates the properties of the material to the magnitude of the micro unevenness. Data on the depth of ablation for wood, bone, leather, plexiglass are presented, graphs of the correlation between the amount of surface micro unevenness and the density of materials, between the amount of surface micro-roughness and the modulus of elasticity of materials, the correlation coefficient between the amount of surface micro unevenness and the ignition temperature of organic materials. The obtained models make it possible to implement the proposed principle of laser processing of non-metallic materials, which consists in measuring the modulus of elasticity of the surface of the material and, based on the measurements obtained, control the modes of laser processing of products. The installation of laser surface treatment of non-metallic materials with the implementation of the principle of control of processing modes depending on the measured values of the modulus of elasticity of the surface of the material is proposed. To measure the elastic modulus of a material, a special sensor is used with indentation of the indenter and computer evaluation of the measurements obtained with the formation of solutions for controlling the modes of laser surface treatment of the material. The experimental results obtained made it possible to manufacture a number of products to ensure a given surface quality of non-metallic materials (a writing device, a gift for the newlyweds). Conducting experiments with changes in the power of laser radiation based on the results of measuring the modulus of elasticity of the surface of non-metallic materials has shown the effectiveness of operational setting of laser operating modes to ensure the quality of the surface of non-metallic materials.

V. A. Alekseev

A. V. Usoltseva

V. P. Usoltsev

S. I. Yuran

Assessment of Surface Roughness of Non-Metallic Materials during Laser Processing

The difference in the spectral composition of artificial and natural lighting can negatively affect health, as well as lead to a distorted perception of the color of surrounding objects. At the same time, a certain correction of the spectral composition of visible radiation in medical institutions and workplaces has a positive effect on human health, while can be carried lighting control out taking into account the data of personal sensor devices that determine the human condition. The purpose of the research was to select criteria for comparing natural and LED optical and visible radiation by spectral composition and by the visibility of color differences in natural and LED lighting. The effectiveness of the application of known and developed criteria for assessing the difference in the spectral composition of optical and visible radiation from natural and LED sources was investigated, as well as for the visibility of color differences in natural and LED lighting. To minimize the values of criteria are proposed additive and subtractive methods for calculating LED parameters. Their comparison allowed us to conclude that a more complex calculation algorithm, but higher performance for an additive technique than for a subtractive one with the same minimization results. It was found that to simulate the spectral composition of natural radiation using LEDs, it is most effective to use the criteria "standard deviations of the relative differences between the optical and visible spectral components of natural and LED radiation". A comparison of the criteria for the visibility of color differences in natural and LED lighting showed approximately the same effectiveness of using the criteria "small color differences" and "standard deviation by photoreceptors" at the present stage and the prospects for applying the second criterion, provided that its acceptable values are established.

P. S. Bogdan

E. G. Zaytseva

A. I. Stepanenko

Investigation of Criteria for Comparing of Natural and LED Radiation Spectral Distribution

The problem of increasing the reliability of uncertainty estimation of measurement results is considered. The purpose of this work was to justify the application of the process approach to the formation of the algorithm of uncertainty estimation on the basis of morphological analysis. It is theoretically substantiated that from the standpoint of the system approach to achieving an acceptable degree of reliability of measurement uncertainty estimates it is necessary to implement a process approach to the formation of the estimation method as an algorithm of actions. The main stages of the estimation process are defined. It is established that each stage of the estimation process can be realized by alternative methods. The morphological box method as a realization of morphological analysis is proposed as a basis for its solution. A morphological box design of the uncertainty estimation process with an open architecture is presented, based only on commonly accepted methods and approaches for realizing each step of the process. Two aspects of the application of the morphological box method are identified. On the one hand, the morphological box allows to form an algorithm of the uncertainty assessment process, maximally acceptable for the laboratory conditions, as a combination of process steps, based on the task at hand, combining different variants of realization of these steps. On the other hand, the morphological box acts as a tool for development of new methods of realization of various stages of the uncertainty assessment process. Examples of using the morphological box method to develop alternative algorithms of the uncertainty estimation process of the same measurement method and to develop new methods of realization of different stages of the estimation process are considered.

P. S. Serenkov

V. M. Romanchak

A. V. Hrybkouski

A Morphological Approach to Development of a Process for Measurement Uncertainty Estimation

As a result of anthropogenic activities, the environment is polluted by heavy metals. The most important task is to find methods to control their content in water. Track-etched membranes (TeMs) can be relatively easily modified by nanometer layers of functional materials with using the Langmuir ‒ Blodgett technique, which makes it possible to specifically change the structural, selective properties of the membrane surface and obtain new materials with desired properties. The aim of the work was to develop flexible sensors for the analysis of lead ions in water based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) TeMs with perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) nanolayers. Techniques for modifying TeMs based on PET with a monolayer coating based on PFDA by the Langmuir ‒ Blodgett method, and with two-layer coatings, formed by soaking PET TeMs/PFDA in xylenol orange solutions have been developed. The microstructure and local mechanical properties of the sensor surface were studied by atomic force microscopy, and the wettability and values of the specific surface energy of PET TeMs before and after modification were evaluated using the ''sessile'' drop method. Based on the measurement of electrochemical characteristics, it was found that PET TeMs/PFDA have a higher response of electrochemical characteristics compared to PET TeMs and PET TeMs/PFDA/XO. The limit of detection for lead ions in aqueous solutions at pH = 12 was of 0.652 µg/l within 5 measurements.

G. B. Melnikova

D. V. Sapsaliou

T. N. Tolstaya

I. V. Korolkov

S. A. Chizhik

N. N. Zhumanazar

A. S. Baranova

M. V. Zdorovets

Nanostructured Coatings Based on Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Perfluorodecanoic Acid for Flexible Sensors for the Analysis of Lead Ions in Water

Strict requirements for determining of gases concentration in the working environment it is relevant to develop of semiconductor sensors which provide rapid response and safety of personnel in industrial and domestic premises. The aim of the work was to study gas-sensitive and dynamic characteristics of high-sensitive low-power sensors made on thin nanoporous substrates with gas-sensitive layers of semiconductor metal oxides. The low-power semiconductor gas sensor on the anodic alumina substrate has been developed. Sensors with gas-sensitive semiconductor metal oxide layers based on In 2 O 3 +Ga 2 O 3 , In 2 O 3 +SnO 2 and SnO 2 +Pd deposited from aqueous solutions with subsequent firing on sensor information electrodes are manufactured. Studies of gas-sensitive characteristics have shown that sensors with SnO 2 films with the addition of Pd nanoparticles have maximum sensitivity of about 85 % and high response rate to 10 ppm H 2 at 410 °C. The maximum sensitivity of 250 % to 10 ppm CO at 220 °C was shown by films based on In 2 O 3 +SnO 2 , the response time τ 90 was 5 s, while the sensitivity of In 2 O 3 +Ga 2 O 3 and SnO 2 +Pd was 30–50 % at 410–420 ºC. Semiconducting metal oxides In 2 O 3 +Ga 2 O 3 (70 % at 420 °C) and In 2 O 3 +SnO 2 (30 % at 250 °C) showed lower sensitivity to hydrogen, with response time τ 90 = 20 s. The sensors power consumption in all measurements was 28–60 mW. Semiconductor gas sensors with low energy consumption can be used in the systems development that monitor the carbon monoxide concentration in the work area, as well as detect ignition's early stages.

I. A. Taratyn

O. G. Reutskaya

G. G. Gorokh

I. V. Serdyuk

V. S. Fedosenko

Gas-Sensitive Characteristics of Low-Power Semiconductor Gas Sensors to CO and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

短名	Prib. metody izmer.
Journal Impact	0.38
国际分区	INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION(Q4)

涉及主题	物理计算机科学工程类量子力学材料科学光学电气工程数学化学复合材料电信热力学光电子学有机化学生物程序设计语言人工智能统计声学
出版信息	出版商: Belarusian National Technical University，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 开源
基本数据	创刊年份: 2010，原创研究文献占比: 96.77%，自引率:50.00%， Gold OA占比: 98.92%
平均审稿周期	8 weeks

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Structure of Silicon Wafers Planar Surface before and after Rapid Thermal Treatment

Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis – as a Method for Study the Aluminium-Polysilicon Interface after Exposure with Long-Term and Rapid Thermal Annealing

Hands-on Experience of THERMO FITNESS TESTING Device Use for Thermoelectric Evaluation of Metallic Materials

Bifacial Photovоltaic Sensor for Insolation Energy Resource Monitoring

Assessment of Surface Roughness of Non-Metallic Materials during Laser Processing

Investigation of Criteria for Comparing of Natural and LED Radiation Spectral Distribution

A Morphological Approach to Development of a Process for Measurement Uncertainty Estimation

Nanostructured Coatings Based on Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Perfluorodecanoic Acid for Flexible Sensors for the Analysis of Lead Ions in Water

Gas-Sensitive Characteristics of Low-Power Semiconductor Gas Sensors to CO and H<sub>2</sub>

Devices and Methods for Measuring of the Ambient Air Dust. Short Review

Smartphone-Based Automated Non-Destructive Testing Devices

Experimental Installation for Determination of Attenuation Coefficient of Permanent Magnetic Field by Protective Materials

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Structure of Silicon Wafers Planar Surface before and after Rapid Thermal Treatment

Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis – as a Method for Study the Aluminium-Polysilicon Interface after Exposure with Long-Term and Rapid Thermal Annealing

Hands-on Experience of THERMO FITNESS TESTING Device Use for Thermoelectric Evaluation of Metallic Materials

Bifacial Photovоltaic Sensor for Insolation Energy Resource Monitoring

Assessment of Surface Roughness of Non-Metallic Materials during Laser Processing

Investigation of Criteria for Comparing of Natural and LED Radiation Spectral Distribution

A Morphological Approach to Development of a Process for Measurement Uncertainty Estimation

Nanostructured Coatings Based on Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Perfluorodecanoic Acid for Flexible Sensors for the Analysis of Lead Ions in Water

Gas-Sensitive Characteristics of Low-Power Semiconductor Gas Sensors to CO and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

Devices and Methods for Measuring of the Ambient Air Dust. Short Review

Smartphone-Based Automated Non-Destructive Testing Devices

Experimental Installation for Determination of Attenuation Coefficient of Permanent Magnetic Field by Protective Materials

Gas-Sensitive Characteristics of Low-Power Semiconductor Gas Sensors to CO and H<sub>2</sub>