Neotropical Primates

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Populações de Plecturocebus bernhardi estão sobre fortes pressões de redução de habitat, decorrente do protagonismo do agronegócio e crescimento de áreas urbanas no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira. E o comportamento da espécie no uso desses tipos de habitats são desconhecidos. Compreender os efeitos da modificação de habitat nos motivou em estudar a distribuição espacial de grupos familiares e preferência de habitat da espécie em um remanescente de floresta no centro-sul do estado de Rondônia. Empregamos a metodologia de transecção linear utilizando playback com vocalização da espécie. Verificou-se a composição dos grupos, em diferentes locais (interior ou borda de parte do bloco de floresta da confluência dos rios Jí-Parana/Machado e São Pedro), fitofisionomia e estrato vertical de vegetação ocupado. Durante o estudo foram registrados 26 grupos de P. bernhardi em um esforço de amostragem de 29,9 km percorridos. Os grupos estavam estruturados com até quatro indivíduos, encontrados principalmente em estratos verticais intermediários, com maior registro de grupos em borda de floresta. A alta taxa de encontro de grupos registrados não atenuam nos cuidados de conservação da espécie, considerando que é cada vez menor a área de habitat para a espécie nessa porção da Amazônia.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Odair Diogo Silva

Eder Correa Fermiano

Thatiane Martins Costa

Dionei José Silva

Manoel dos Santos Filho

Derli Rodrigues Diogo

Emerson Moreira Almeida

Almério Câmara Gusmão

Distribuição espacial de grupos familiares e preferência de habitat de &lt;i&gt;Plecturocebus bernhardi&lt;/i&gt; em remanescente florestal no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira

巴西西南部亚马逊雨林中Plecturocebus bernhardi的家庭群体空间分布与栖息地偏好

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; In Costa Rica, Geoffroy’s spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi ornatus) is classified as ‘Endangered’ according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Given the threats it faces, this spider monkey was included in the most recent ‘Top 25 Endangered Primate Species’ list published by the IUCN (Schwitzer et al. 2019). The newly established Camaquiri Conservation Initiative (CCI) site, located on 200 ha in northeastern Costa Rica in Caribbean lowland rain forest, harbors a population of these monkeys that has yet to be studied. The population size of these primates and the extent to which their habitat may be fragmented is unknown. We conducted transect surveys of spider monkeys, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and Panamanian white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) at Camaquiri in 2019, 2020 and 2021 over the course of 13.5 days, covering 32 km total, to establish baseline information important for this new reserve’s conservation management plan, and for providing a rough estimate of the number of study subjects available for potential researchers. We recorded, minimally, 10 different individual spider monkeys in at least one community, at least three different howling monkey groups and at least one capuchin monkey group resident at CCI. Given that large patches of healthy, intact tropical forest are rarely conserved in Central America, Camaquiri provides an opportunity to conserve endangered primate species and to contribute to our knowledge of these animals. Additionally, its proximity to other field stations provides opportunities for studies of patch connectivity, habitat quality and other characteristics that influence primate populations in this region.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Jill D. Pruetz

Gavin Brink

Eduardo Cruz Palma

Kaelyn Dobson

Diane W. Husic

Thomas C. LaDuke

Jennifer Lansing

Terry Master

Israel Mesen

Primates at the newly established Camaquiri Conservation Initiative, Limon, Costa Rica

哥斯达黎加利蒙新成立的卡马基里保护计划中的灵长类动物

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Los hábitats fragmentados causan una limitante en el recurso alimenticio, esto afecta el estado poblacional de los primates. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la conducta alimenticia, el tamaño y composición de los grupos de Alouatta coibensis trabeata en tres distritos de la provincia de Los Santos, Panamá. Para la localización de los grupos se realizó conteo de ruta y detección por vocalización y olor. Para estudiar el comportamiento alimentario se utilizó el método Animal Focal (30 min) en tres categorías de edades (juveniles, machos adultos y hembras adultas). Los resultados del estudio mostraron que el promedio de tamaño de los grupos fue de 7.7 SD ± 3.1 ind/grupo (n=15 grupos; 2-13 individuos), similar a lo reportado en 2008. En 480 minutos de observación (16 animal focal) los animales invirtieron 47% de su tiempo en descanso, 39% en alimentación, 8% en actividades sociales agonísticas y 6% en juego. Se alimentaron de frutos (36%), hojas (33%) y flores (31%) de 16 especies arbóreas pertenecientes a 10 familias, con tendencia preferencial en Fabaceae (26%), Moraceae (22%), Anacardiaceae (22%), Lauraceae (11%), Burseraceae (9%), las familias de menor uso contemplan el 10%. El porcentaje de similitud de plantas demuestra que las cercas vivas, parches de bosques secundarios y bosques de galería en Los Santos, ofrece a A. c. trabeata una variabilidad considerable en su dieta, lo que podría favorecer la estabilidad en la estructura grupal a través del tiempo.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Karol M. Gutiérrez-Pineda

Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal

Estudio de la conducta alimentaria, el tamaño y composición de los grupos del mono gun-gun (&lt;i&gt;Alouatta coibensis trabeata&lt;/i&gt;) (Lawrence, 1933) en tres distritos de la provincia de Los Santos, Panamá

巴拿马洛斯桑托斯省三个地区金面吼猴（&lt;i&gt;Alouatta coibensis trabeata&lt;/i&gt;）（Lawrence, 1933）的摄食行为、群体规模及组成研究

L. G. Araujo Goebel

Gabriela Rodrigues Longo

Carlos Augusto Tuyama

Áurea Regina Alves Ignácio

Manoel Santos-Filho

Mixed group formation among Atelidae (Grey, 1825) species in the southern Amazon

南亚马逊地区Atelidae（Gray, 1825）物种的混合群体形成

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Mulheres pela Primatologia (Women for Primatology) is a Brazilian social movement in support of women in science and the conservation of non-human primates. Activities occur through collaborative and interdisciplinary communication of women scientists of different ages, regions and origins. The objectives of the movement are to discuss gender equity, encourage representation in science, emphasize the importance of women’s role in primatology, and inspire other women to enter into scientific careers. The movement’s activities began in June 2021 with the creation of an Instagram profile that published information about women in science, primates, the representation of women, the history of women in primatology, interviews with distinguished primatologists, and events, among others. The activities presented here were developed between June 2021 and August 2022. As of August 2022, the profile @mulherespelaprimatologia had 2,349 followers, 126 publications and 2,044 comments, reaching 8,645 accounts, with 5,479 interactions recorded. Mulheres pela Primatologia is linked to the Jane Goodall Institute’s Roots &amp; Shoots’ international network. In March 2022, the Youtube channel was created to broadcast three online events, with both young and established primatologists. The Guia Primatólogas do Brasil (Guide to Brazilian Women Primatologists) was created to democratize access to contact with women primatologists working in Brazil as advisors in graduate programs. The first edition of the guide featured 25 primatologists whose areas of expertise are behavior, ecology, conservation, physiology, ethnozoology, genetics, and environmental education. The performance and actions of Mulheres pela Primatologia have resulted in diverse products that range from scientific dissemination to support and encouragement for young primatologists, reinforcing women’s empowerment in primatology.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Marianne Bello

Priscila Carmo Oliveira

María Fernanda De la Fuente

Laura Romano Vieira

Milena Bezerra Souza

Adrielle Marins Cezar

Fernanda Oliveira Silva Monteiro

Jessika Gabriel Albuquerque

Patricia Palmeira Bellon

Mikaelly Frasson Testa

Zelinda Maria Braga Hirano

Carla Soraia Soares Castro

Raiane Santos Guidi

&lt;i&gt;Mulheres pela Primatologia&lt;/i&gt;: a Brazilian social movement promoting women in science and primate conservation

《女性与灵长类学》：巴西社会运动推动女性参与科学及灵长类动物保护

Se realizó un enriquecimiento ambiental mediante el uso del fruto maduro de lima limón (Citrus sp.; Rutaceae) a una tropa de monos araña cautiva en el Centro Nacional de Conservación y Recuperación de Especies/Zoológico Rosy Walther, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Ésto con el objetivo de estimular las funciones biológicas en los primates. Todos los individuos interactuaron con el fruto; sin embargo, las frotaciones del pelaje (esternal y axilar) con el cítrico fueron realizadas específicamente por los machos adultos y juvenil. La función a este comportamiento que excluyó a las hembras puede radicar en algunas de las hipótesis planteadas para la especie como el rol del marcado del olor y su relación con la comunicación olfativa.

Manuel Alejandro Paz-Sánchez

Comportamiento de frotamiento sobre el pelaje de monos araña centroamericanos (&lt;i&gt;Ateles geoffroyi&lt;/i&gt; Kuhl, 1820; Atelidae) en entorno de cautiverio en Honduras

洪都拉斯圈养环境中中美洲蜘蛛猴（Ateles geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820; Atelidae）毛皮摩擦行为

While predominantly arboreal, spider monkeys of various species sometimes have been observed descending to the ground. Individuals of Ateles chamek have been reported to access some kind of food resources (rotten wood or salt licks) on the ground. We describe the terrestrial behavior of an adult female Ateles chamek (Peruvian spider monkey) on a sandy bank of the Pinquén River, Manu, Peru. This behavior lasted several minutes, with sequences of walking on four legs, pausing, and standing upright on the hind legs. The probability that she was a pet is very low due to the location being remote from population centers. The possibility of the individual looking for water to drink directly from the river is not discarded but due to the low water level and short distance between the two banks of the river, it is believed that this solitary adult female (migrant sex in the species) had intentions to cross the river, and that our presence ultimately influenced her decision not to cross.

Pierre Giraud

Criss Quispe-Saenz

Raul Bello

Terrestrial behavior of a solitary female spider monkey (&lt;i&gt;Ateles chamek&lt;/i&gt;) on a beach in Manu National Park, Peru

秘鲁马努国家公园海滩上一只雌性蜘蛛猴（Ateles chamek）的陆地行为

A large group of Peruvian spider monkeys, Ateles chamek, was recorded feeding on Oudemansiella canarii mushrooms in Madre de Dios, Peru. The observed spider monkeys were seen foraging for mushrooms on the forest floor where they grew on downed logs. Spider monkeys are ripe fruit specialists that rarely venture to the forest floor, suggesting that these mushrooms could represent an important though seldom consumed food source. Previous accounts of spider monkeys consuming mushrooms are sparse and do not include identification of the fungi. O. canarii mushrooms have a relatively high protein content, possible immunological benefits, and are present during times of relative fruit scarcity in the region. These reasons could explain why the spider monkeys risked a visit to the forest floor to forage for O. canarii mushrooms.

Nathan Duerr

First record of Peruvian spider monkeys (&lt;i&gt;Ateles chamek&lt;/i&gt;) feeding on a known mushroom species, &lt;i&gt;Oudemansiella canarii&lt;/i&gt; (Physalacriaceae)

秘鲁蜘蛛猴首次被记录食用已知蘑菇物种，Oudemansiella canarii（Physalacriaceae）

Gerardo A. Cordero-Rodríguez

Hernán J. Biord

Distribution and conservation of the spider monkey (&lt;i&gt;Ateles hybridus&lt;/i&gt;) in the coastal range of northern Venezuela

委内瑞拉北部沿海地区蜘蛛猴（&lt;i&gt;Ateles hybridus&lt;/i&gt;）的分布与保护

Bernardo Urbani

Nuevo mundo, nuevos monos: sobre primates neotropicales en los siglos XV y XVI

新世界，新猴子：论15和16世纪的新热带灵长类动物

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Neotropical Primates

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Distribuição espacial de grupos familiares e preferência de habitat de <i>Plecturocebus bernhardi</i> em remanescente florestal no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira

Primates at the newly established Camaquiri Conservation Initiative, Limon, Costa Rica

Estudio de la conducta alimentaria, el tamaño y composición de los grupos del mono gun-gun (<i>Alouatta coibensis trabeata</i>) (Lawrence, 1933) en tres distritos de la provincia de Los Santos, Panamá

Mixed group formation among Atelidae (Grey, 1825) species in the southern Amazon

<i>Mulheres pela Primatologia</i>: a Brazilian social movement promoting women in science and primate conservation

Comportamiento de frotamiento sobre el pelaje de monos araña centroamericanos (<i>Ateles geoffroyi</i> Kuhl, 1820; Atelidae) en entorno de cautiverio en Honduras

Terrestrial behavior of a solitary female spider monkey (<i>Ateles chamek</i>) on a beach in Manu National Park, Peru

First record of Peruvian spider monkeys (<i>Ateles chamek</i>) feeding on a known mushroom species, <i>Oudemansiella canarii</i> (Physalacriaceae)

Distribution and conservation of the spider monkey (<i>Ateles hybridus</i>) in the coastal range of northern Venezuela

Nuevo mundo, nuevos monos: sobre primates neotropicales en los siglos XV y XVI