《约克郡地质学会会刊》（PYGS）自 1839 年以来一直不间断出版。它是英国地质学的主要期刊之一。每年都会发行两部分，其中包含有关地质各个方面的原始研究论文。传统上，会议记录特别关注英格兰北部及其邻近地区的地质情况。鼓励提交有关相关主题但具有更普遍兴趣的论文。所有论文都经过两名独立裁判的全面审查。

The Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society (PYGS) has been published continuously since 1839 and is one of the leading journals in the field of geology in the UK. The journal releases two issues each year, featuring original research papers covering various aspects of geology. The conference proceedings particularly focus on the geological conditions of Northern England and its surrounding areas, while also encouraging submissions on related topics of broader interest. All submitted papers undergo thorough review by two independent referees.

《Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society》（PYGS）自1839年起持续出版，是英国地质学领域的重要期刊之一。该期刊每年发行两期，涵盖地质学各个方面的原创研究论文。会议记录部分特别关注英格兰北部及其邻近地区的地质情况，同时也鼓励提交与相关主题但具有更广泛兴趣的论文。所有提交的论文均经过两名独立审稿人的严格评审。

Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society

Betton Farm quarries contain, within a small area, a remarkable range of facies associated with the development of a Jurassic coral reef. A NW–SE-trending barrier reef protected the whole area containing the two quarries. Betton Farm North Quarry displaysThamnasteriapatch reefs. These consist of scattered, 1 m high masses of colonial coral surrounded by reef debris that were situated behind the barrier within a large reef platform area. In Betton Farm South Quarry, bioclastic sand, consisting largely of coral and bivalve debris, interdigitates with the development of a small ribbon reef made up of the massive colonial coralThamnasteria. This ribbon reef, only 3 to 4 m wide, sheltered a lagoonal area that accumulated lime mud and was colonized by large gastropods and burrowing bivalves. A fauna of reef-specializing bivalves and echinoids occupied these areas of patch/ribbon reef development, which were periodically swept by nutrient-bearing currents. Competition between the growth of the ribbon ofThamnasteriaand the accumulation of fringing sediments saw periods when theThamnasteriaexpanded over the coral-shell sand, and periods when the encroaching sediment cut back the growth of theThamnasteriaconsiderably. Considered initially to represent the Coral Rag Member of the Coralline Oolite Formation, the Betton Farm Coral Bed is now seen to represent localized coral reef developments situated near the base of the Malton Oolite Member, and growing upon antecedent bedrock features such as hard-ground surfaces that formed during pauses in sedimentation of the Malton Oolite.

John K. Wright

Peter F. Rawson

PYGS

The development of the Betton Farm Coral Bed within the Malton Oolite Member (Upper Jurassic, Middle Oxfordian) of the Scarborough District, North Yorkshire, UK

Summary Palaeogeography rests in a well-founded stratigraphy. Rigidly defined palaeontological zones are of very limited use in neritic rocks, and their criteria must be relaxed and adapted to changing fossil associations to meet the needs of wide-ranging regional studies: in particular, Vaughan’s scheme, though the most convenient, is applicable in only a general sense to the several Lower Carboniferous provinces. The earliest known Carboniferous fossils of much of midland and northern England, though hitherto considered to characterize the Zaphrentis and Lower Caninia zones, do not give evidence of any rocks older than Visean; and except perhaps in the Craven Lowlands the Tournaisian stage is not certainly known to occur outside the South-Western Province (and its continuation in southern Ireland). Visean transgression was a major diastrophic episode in Dinantian times. The residual Tournaisian sediments are generally uniform in lithology (though not in thickness) and provide little direct evidence of contemporary shorelines. The Lower Limestone Shales mark a northward overlap of marine Devonian rock-types continued into Carboniferous times. The succeeding Main Limestone was deposited in an east-and-west facies belt, but now gives few clues to contemporary land-masses. The Tournaisian Culm is Piltonian— a mud-zone sediment that accumulated under conditions not unlike those of the Lower Limestone Shales. St. George9s Land is well defined both by facies changes and by marginal unconformities in the Visean rocks of the South-Western Province, and its shorelines are locally precisely recognizable. Its northern margin is even more clearly defined in the Dibunophyllum Zone of North Wales, and can be followed eastwards as a virtually continuous shore. The Visean rocks of Ireland provide a complete range of depositional zones from Culm in the south to coarse pebble beds bordering the mainland in the north. Marginal delta beds are strongly developed from Mayo to Antrim, showing progressive diachronism to higher horizons as they are followed north-eastwards. Southwards they pass laterally into shelf lime-stones of a great variety of kinds deposited in clearer waters off-shore, the transition in early Visean times approximately coinciding with the structural line of the Highland Boundary fault-belt and the Ox Anticline. The lime-stones include thick Waulsortian sheet reefs in the lower part, probably covering intermittently several thousand square miles in area. At higher horizons shoal and patch reefs are common and widespread in host sediments of thick bioclastic limestones. The Visean cuvette in Ireland extended unbrokenly eastwards into the Central Province of England, where thick limestones and shales provide clear indications of southern and northern margins; and, divided by the Manx–Cumbrian–Pennine barrier, north-eastwards into the Northumbrian trough of estuarine and deltaic sediments. The drowning of a northern mainland coast to allow extension of the Irish calciferous sandstones into Scotland was not complete probably until mid-Visean times. In the Midland Valley the deposition of a variety of kinds of semi-marine and “ continental “ deposits was controlled by locally powerful vulcanicity, by minor upwarps, and by the persistently revived major island or peninsula of the Southern Uplands—a barrier that continued to be effective until the close of Lower Carboniferous times even after the regional subsidence marked by the Iate-Visean Hurlet transgression.

T. Neville George

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BRITISH ISLES

Over a number of years, coals have been analysed in the geochemical laboratories of the University of Sheffield. Much of this work has been published and this paper presents an overview and, in some cases, a reinterpretation of the data. Most of the coal samples were obtained from seam sections in the Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire coalfields (now included in the East Pennines Coalfield), and from the Parkgate Coal in particular. Sulphur variations are essentially due to pyrite. In individual plies of the seam, lateral variation in total sulphur is thought to be due to the availability of sulphate at the time of deposition. Access of sulphate into the coal swamp environment can be directly related to river channels, many of which are known to have been long-lived features. The pyrite is of concern because of S emissions, but in addition it is the location in the coal for Hg, Tl, Pb, As and Se, all of which are of major environmental concern. Concentrations were determined by direct and indirect methods. The most common of the latter methods is statistical, and some of the potential problems are reviewed. Also contained within pyrite, but not exclusively so, are Cd, Ni and Sb. Trace element concentrations from different pyrite samples are similar, strongly suggesting a common source. Comparable trace element enrichment patterns for coals and marine shales provide evidence of a seawater origin. The chloride concentration in the coals is high and can also be linked to seawater. The two elements, S and Cl, differ in that Cl is conservative, is not involved in diagenetic reactions and is retained in the coal in residual pore fluids. Illite and kaolinite are the main clay minerals present, with subsidiary chlorite and mixed-layer illite-smectite. In most coals, the clay minerals are dominantly detrital, but in low ash coals, kaolinite of diagenetic origin can be detected. In some samples from the Barnsley Coal, the source of this kaolinite, based on the trace element geochemistry, is dispersed volcanic ash (basaltic). It is also highly likely that organic matter contributes small amounts of Si and Al in the coal, and phytoliths are one potential source. However, the detrital sediment is a major contributor to the major and trace element geochemistry of the coals. Trace elements with a dominantly detrital origin are Rb, Cs, Cr, Ga, Th, Nb and Li. Trace elements are also associated with the organic matter to a greater or lesser extent. Germanium is mainly associated with organic matter, but V is also present in the clays. These elements are mainly contained in vitrinite, although Ge concentrations are more variable, suggesting some mobility during diagenesis. This is borne out by Ge, V and Be showing enrichment at the margins of the the Parkgate Coal, following ‘Zilbermints Law’. Mobility during diagenesis is also demonstrated by the mineral infill of the cleat (joints). Stages of cleat mineralization have been recognized and related to diagenetic stages in siliciclastic sequences. Although there is evidence of element mobility after deposition in the coals, this is not thought to be related to the mineralizing fluids in the Pennine Orefields.

D. A. Spears

The geochemistry and mineralogy of high-S coals, with examples mainly from the East Pennines Coalfield in Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, UK: an overview

SUMMARY Normalograptids constitute a distinctive but not easily identified group of derived axonophorans. A new study of Normalograptus morphology indicates that many Late Ordovician taxa previously identified as Normalograptus are actually referable to Styracograptus and related climacograptoids. These re-identifications have led to the recognition of a complex biogeographic history among normalograptids and their descendants, including an interesting pattern that had previously been overlooked – a late Katian disappearance of Normalograptus from the palaeotropics. Normalograptid palaeogeographic distribution in the Ordovician appears to comprise 5 main phases: (1) evolutionary origin probably in relatively high palaeolatitudes in the early to mid Darriwilian; (2) spread to global distribution in later Darriwilian time; (3) retreat from most low palaeolatitude regions during the early Katian, with perhaps a slightly delayed retreat from Laurentia; (4) a complete extirpation from the low palaeolatitudes by the mid Katian (Ea4); (5) reinvasion of the low palaeolatitudes that accompanies the remarkable ecological and evolutionary replacement of the Diplograptina by species of Normalograptus and their descendants during the latest Katian–early Hirnantian. We propose two sets of hypotheses to explain Late Ordovician Normalograptus distribution. First, given the low species diversity of Normalograptus , we suggest as a null hypothesis that the disappearance of normalograptids from low palaeolatitudes during the late Sandbian and early Katian as simply a stochastic outcome – a small clade simply went extinct by chance alone. The alternative is that the loss of Normalograptus species reflects some form of extinction for cause, either: (1) competitive exclusion; or (2) an inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In the case of the competitive exclusion hypothesis, the most likely competitors are species of the Diplograptina.

Daniel Goldman

Charles E. Mitchell

Michael J. Melchin

Junxuan Fan

Shuang-Ye Wu

H. David Sheets

Biogeography and Mass Extinction: Extirpation and re-invasion of
            <i>Normalograptus</i>
            species (Graptolithina) in the Late Ordovician Palaeotropics

短名	PYGS
Journal Impact	0.44
国际分区	GEOLOGY(Q4)
期刊索引	SCI Q4中科院 4 区

ISSN	0044-0604, 2041-4811
h-index	24
国内分区	地球科学(4区)地球科学地质学(4区)

涉及主题	地质学生物古生物学地理历史考古地貌学工程类地球化学构造盆地生态学化学物理计算机科学
出版信息	出版商: Geological Society of London，出版周期: Semiannual，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 非开源
基本数据	创刊年份: 1993，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:20.00%， Gold OA占比: 10.71%
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
平均录用比例	网友分享经验：容易

Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society

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The geochemistry and mineralogy of high-S coals, with examples mainly from the East Pennines Coalfield in Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, UK: an overview

The development of the Betton Farm Coral Bed within the Malton Oolite Member (Upper Jurassic, Middle Oxfordian) of the Scarborough District, North Yorkshire, UK

Biogeography and Mass Extinction: Extirpation and re-invasion of <i>Normalograptus</i> species (Graptolithina) in the Late Ordovician Palaeotropics

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BRITISH ISLES

The development of the Betton Farm Coral Bed within the Malton Oolite Member (Upper Jurassic, Middle Oxfordian) of the Scarborough District, North Yorkshire, UK

LOWER CARBONIFEROUS PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BRITISH ISLES

The geochemistry and mineralogy of high-S coals, with examples mainly from the East Pennines Coalfield in Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, UK: an overview

Biogeography and Mass Extinction: Extirpation and re-invasion of <i>Normalograptus</i> species (Graptolithina) in the Late Ordovician Palaeotropics