Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Biology medicine geography Series”

The peculiarities of origin, morphological and genetic varieties and structural and dynamic interrelations of dry valley landscapes of the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region are considered. Modern ideas about genesis, morphology, development and landscape structure of sukhodols are presented. Paradynamic interrelations of structural elements of basin landscape systems are emphasized. The necessity of taking into account landscape specificity of dry lands when solving the problems of nature management and optimization of landscape-ecological situation in the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region is emphasized. As an example, we analyzed the component, territorial and altitudinal organization of natural complexes of a large sukhodols of the Kuvshin dry valley located in the Podgorensky district of the Voronezh Region. The main factors of landscape differentiation are established, among which are peculiarities of morpholithogenic base, character of biostrom development, modern economic use. The problems of identification of local landscape boundaries and approaches to their solution have been noted. Based on the results of the research, 7 families and 45 species of landtypes, as well as altitudinal landscape layers and sub-layers were identified within the valley. Recommendations on changing the conservation status of the territory are given.

A.S. Gorbunov

V.B. Mikhno

O.P. Bykovskaya

Structural and morphological organization of dry valley of the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region

中央黑土区南部白垩纪干谷的结构和形态组织

The yield of grain crops and its predictability largely depends on the intra-field heterogeneity of landscape conditions. We used the example of steppe agricultural landscapes in the Akmola region to solve the following objectives: 1) to evaluate the informative value of NDVI for assessing yield depending on hydrothermal conditions; 2) to determine the effect of intra-field patchiness on NDVI values and yield; 3) to determine the dependence of intra-field variation of phytomass on the tract and facies structure and hydrothermal conditions. We used data on wheat and barley yields and intra-field NDVI variability in 80 field plots in 2009‒2013, data on the tract and facies structure, and hydrothermal parameters. We studied the relationships between spatial and temporal variability of phytomass, landscape and hydrothermal factors by means of correlation and variance analysis. It was established that NDVI was only partially informative for direct assessment of grain yield. The index values for July dates better reflect the yield than in June and August. The hypothesis that NDVI patchiness in the field area depends on the cultivated crop was not confirmed. The yield in fields with complex facies structure is usually lower than in homogeneous fields. In dry years, the intra-field variation of phytomass is less pronounced than in wet years. The proximity to the hill is a significant factor that increases the spatial variability of phytomass due to the additional introduction of moisture and sediment along the rills. High facies patchiness either reduces yield or increases its temporal variability and reduces predictability.

F.K. Kiryanov-Gref

A.V. Khoroshev

K.A. Anatskaya

Factors of intra-field phytomass variability in steppe agricultural landscapes of Kazakhstan

哈萨克斯坦草原农业景观中田间生物量变异的因素

Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена тем, что проблема паводков в Акмолинской области является серьезной. Последствия паводков наносят ущерб не только социально-экономического характера, но и экологического. Сезонное повышение уровня воды в реках и дальнейшее затопление прилегающей местности влияют на агрохимическое состояние почвы, изменяются её структура, рельеф местности и биоценоз. Проблема заключается в том, что на сегодняшний день не уделяется внимания изучению именно экологических последствий паводков, а только дается оценка социально-экономическому ущербу, хотя ущерб экологический в долгосрочной перспективе нельзя недооценивать тоже. Одной из задач данного исследования ставится изучение влияния периодических паводков на состояние почвы, которые подверглись затоплению в поймах рек. Проводится оценка таких почв для принятия управленческих решений о дальнейшем использовании этих территорий. Объектом исследования данной статьи выступают земли в пойме р. Жабай, которая является правым притоком реки Ишим в Акмолинской области. Предметом исследования является изменение почвы под воздействием паводков. Цель научной статьи — оценить характер влияния паводков на состояние почвы и выработать рекомендации дальнейшему использованию почв, подвергшихся затоплению. Был проведен анализ почв осенью, летом и весной в течение нескольких лет, и приведены результаты анализа химического и морфологического состояния почв в динамике. Показано, как изменялось состояние почв в пойме р. Жабай в результате паводков.

М.Р. Айтжанова

С.Б. Жапарова

The influence of spring floods on the soil condition of Аkmola region

阿克莫拉地区春季洪水对土壤状况的影响

В статье представлен анализ химических составов эфирного масла из Nigella sativa L. из Пакистана и Сирии. С использованием метода хромато-масс-спектрометрии (GC/MS) были выявлены и подробно проанализированы компоненты масла из обеих стран. Результаты показали незначительные различия в содержании химических компонентов между маслом тмина из Пакистана и Сирии. В эфирном масле из Пакистана выявлено повышенное содержание пальмитиновой кислоты, (Z)-9-октадеценовой кислоты и метилового эфира (Z,Z)-9,12-октадекадиеновой кислоты (линолевая кислота, метиловый эфир), в то время как эфирное масло из Сирии содержит больше гептадекановой и олеиновой кислот. Эти результаты свидетельствуют о том, что местоположение влияет на химический состав масла тмина, что имеет важное значение для его медицинского и кулинарного использования. Известно наличие ряда других компонентов, включая α-Туйен, α-Пинен, β-Пинен, о-Пимен, м-Ментан-6,8-диен, лимонен, γ-Терпинен, цис-4-метокситуйан, лонгифолен, метилтетрадеканоат и многие другие, которые могут оказывать разнообразные биологические эффекты. Эти результаты предоставляют важные данные для научного сообщества и промышленных предприятий, занимающихся производством и применением масла черного тмина. Знание различий в составе масла в зависимости от его происхождения способствует оптимизации производства и расширению возможностей для его медицинского и кулинарного использования. Результаты настоящего исследования предоставляют ценную основу для будущих исследований в области биохимии и медицинского применения масла черного тмина.

Е.М. Сүлеймен

Р.Н. Сүлеймен

Б.М. Айкешев

Comparative analysis of the compositions of Nigella sativa (black cumin) oil from Syria and Pakistan using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

利用气相色谱-质谱法对叙利亚和巴基斯坦黑孜然油成分的比较分析

Одна из важнейших глобальных проблем современности — сохранение природной среды. Гарантией эффективного сохранения природно-территориальных комплексов региона является создание сети особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ), которая обладает репрезентативностью по отношению к ландшафтному и биологическому разнообразию. Также известно, что более строгий режим охраны, который характерен для заповедников и национальных парков, способствует успешной реализации задач охраны природы. В статье рассмотрено современное состояние ООПТ федерального значения Алтайского края — Государственного природного заповедника «Тигирекский» и Национального парка «Салаир», а также перспективы создания проектируемого Национального парка «Горная Колывань». Показано, что действующие и проектируемая федеральные ООПТ в крае располагаются только лишь в его горной части, а природные комплексы равнинной части края, которые также обладают большой природоохранной ценностью, охраняются лишь режимами заказников и памятников природы регионального значения. Площадь федеральных ООПТ за последнее время в крае увеличена с 0,25 до 1,5 % от площади региона, что является одним из самых низких показателей по регионам Сибирского Федерального округа. Создание Национального парка «Горная Колывань» играет большую роль в сохранении природного разнообразияи историко-культурного наследия Северо-Западного Алтая, позволяет объединить разрозненные региональные ООПТ в единое целое на организационном уровне. В случае создания данной ООПТ и придания охранной зоне заповедника федерального статуса доля федеральных охраняемых территорий возрастет до 2,5 % от площади края.

М.В. Зяблинцева

Д.В. Черных

А.В. Грибков

Federal specially protected natural areas of the Altai Territory: current state and development prospects

阿尔泰边疆区联邦特别保护自然区的现状与发展前景

The annual increase in surface air temperatures contributes to climate change. This phenomenon is widespread over the entire surface of the Earth and is typical for any point of the planet. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of changes in meteorological indicators in the city of Rudny, Kostanay region, Republic of Kazakhstan over the summer period 2018–2022. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the spatial distribution of the heat index in the territory of the city of Rudny was determined. To conduct the study, data from local automated weather stations were used, meteorological data was analyzed, compared for each year of the study, and the heat index was calculated. The reliability of the results is ensured by mathematical processing of daily empirical temperature and humidity data (calculation of the average for the day, the average for the month), coefficient of variation, coefficient of dispersion. The conducted research provides a clear description of climate changes in the city of Rudny, which can be used by municipal authorities to form measures to reduce the thermal impact on public health, heat loss in the housing and communal services system, and to improve air quality when planning urban infrastructure in the territory of the studied city.

A.V. Golushko

The study of the city of Rudny as a “heat island”

鲁德尼市“热岛”现象研究

Despite the fact that small rivers are called Small, their importance in terms of ecology is high. This is because the condition of large rivers will depend on smaller rivers. The degradation of small rivers negatively affects the state, is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the study was to geochemically analyze the composition of the waters of small rivers in the Syryms district and assess their quality. Water samples were taken from each river ecological state of medium and large rivers, because they feed at the expense of these small rivers. It is easy to see that every day the waters of these rivers are receding and the banks are expanding. Currently, one of the main tasks that environmental science sets for itself is to monitor the ecological state of water bodies. In connection with the conditions of increasing anthropogenic factors, determining the ecological state of small rivers plays an important role in maintaining the composition of the natural ecosystem. Small rivers are very sensitive to anthropogenic factors and react to these factors in the opposite way. The study of the chemical composition of small river waters, as well as their ecological state, is an important and urgent task. The aim of the study is a geochemical analysis of the composition of small river waters in the Syrymsky district and an assessment of their quality. Water samples were taken from each river to determine the composition of the water quality. The cameral stage was held in the laboratory of environmental and biogeochemical testing of M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University. Chemical analysis was carried out using the widely used methods GOST 26449.1 — 85. After analyzing the indicators of water samples taken from the research area, it was found that the maximum raual concentration level did not exceed, except for the total hardness.

M.T. Berliguzhin

E.H. Zhaksylykov

Geochemical state of small rivers of Syrym District of West Kazakhstan region (on the example of the Rivers Buldyrty, Yesenankaty, Shiderty, Olenty)

西哈萨克斯坦州Syrym区小河流的地球化学状况（以Buldyrty河、Yesenankaty河、Shiderty河、Olenty河为例）

Investigating the impact of not only individual stress factors but also their combined effect on plants becomes imperative in the context of natural and climatic fluctuations. 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and α-linolenic (18:3) serve as vital non-enzymatic antioxidants, making significant contributions to plant defense. Moreover, they are indispensable in assessing the nutritional and biological value of plant lipids. Currently, Chenopodium quinoa L., a member of the Amaranth family, is increasingly recognized as a valuable source of antioxidant metabolites. Current study examined the fluctuation patterns in oleic acid ester content, serving as a non-enzymatic antioxidant, when plant exposed to varying intensities of osmotic, saline, and combined stress. A constant concentration of oleic acid esters was shown under different levels of saline stress. Osmotic stress did not affect the oleic acid content. Under salt stress, the oleic acid content increased compared to the control, varying at different NaCl concentrations. However, under combined stress, there was a significant increase in ester content, peaking at a stress level of 200NaCl/L+PEG, followed by a decrease as stress increased. It was noted that signs of stress for the photochemical quenching index of YII and ETR in photosystem II of young quinoa plants also occur with a combination of exposure to 300 mM/L NaCl + PEG. It was suggested that the level of combined stress at 200NaCl/P is transitional from eustress to distress. The results obtained could potentially become the basis for the targeted synthesis of valuable plant antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical purposes in the future.

N.V. Terletskaya

A.N. Zorbekova

N.K. Korbozova

M. Erbay

A. Mamirova

Impact of abiotic stressors on oleic acid accumulation in the leaves of young quinoa plants

非生物胁迫对幼龄藜麦叶片中油酸积累的影响

Research on the search for antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms inpoultry products is an urgent and important topic in modern medicine and the food industry. Antibiotics arewidely used in poultry farming for the prevention and treatment of infections, but this also contributes to thedevelopment of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess thelevel of antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria present in meat and poultryderivedproducts. The methods include analyzing food samples, namely chicken fillets and chicken eggs, forthe presence and identification of resistant strains, as well as testing their sensitivity to various antibiotics.During the study, it was found that 19.05 % of Gram-positive strains and 26.09 % of Gram-negative strainsisolated from farm products exhibit resistance or multi-resistance properties. At the same time, 58.28 % ofGram-positive and 59.42 % of Gram-negative microorganisms also exhibit resistance or multi-resistanceproperties.

Y.G. Alisseiko

I.A. Belyaev

A.B. Turemuratova

Search for antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms in poultry products

禽肉产品中抗药性革兰氏阳性及革兰氏阴性微生物的检测

In the article the results of an analysis of the species composition of wild plants of the Rosaceae Juss familywere presented. As a result of floristic analysis, it was established that in the northwestern part of the ZhetysuAlatau there are 91 species belonging to the Rosaceae family, belonging to 24 genera. The leading genera inthis area are: Potentilla — 24, Cotoneaster — 9, Rosa -9, Alchimilla -7, Crataegus — 5, etc. According toecological and morphological classifications, all useful species were ranked into 4 groups (trees, shrubs, subshrubs,herbaceous perennials). Spectra of useful properties were shown (use in scientific medicine and infolk medicine, such as vitamins, decorative, food, etc.). 12 groups of medicinal types were ranked accordingto pharmacotherapeutic activity.

D.K. Aidarbayeva

A.A. Taldybay

A Kaly

T.O. Uvaliyev

L.N. Demeuova

Distribution of useful species of family Rosaceae Juss in the flora of Zhetysu Alatau

泽特苏阿拉套植物区系中蔷薇科有用种的分布

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Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Biology medicine geography Series”

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