从发酵到基因操作的生物技术技术与食品和饮料、燃料生产、化学和制药以及废物管理行业的关系越来越密切。因此，学术机构和工业机构需要跟上不断研究发展而来的概念、数据和方法。本期刊提供了一个对近期和当前出版物进行批判性评估的论坛，并定期对最新技术进行评估来自世界各地不同地理区域的报告。投稿作者是各自领域公认的专家，每篇文章均由客观专家审阅，以确保演示文稿的准确性和客观性。

As biotechnology continues to evolve in areas such as fermentation and genetic manipulation, its relationship with industries like food and beverage, fuel production, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and waste management is becoming increasingly close. Therefore, both academic and industrial institutions need to stay updated with the emerging concepts, data, and methods. This journal provides a platform for critically assessing recent and current publications and regularly evaluates the latest technological reports from various geographical regions around the world. All authors submitting manuscripts are recognized experts in their respective fields, and each article undergoes objective peer review to ensure accuracy and objectivity.

随着生物技术在发酵、基因操作等领域的不断发展，其与食品和饮料、燃料生产、化学、制药及废物管理等行业的关系日益紧密。因此，学术界和工业界需要及时了解不断涌现的研究概念、数据和方法。本期刊提供了一个批判性评估近期和当前出版物的平台，并定期评估来自全球不同地区的最新技术报告。所有投稿作者均为各自领域的公认专家，每篇文章都经过客观专家的审阅，以确保内容的准确性和客观性。

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

It is a public health imperative to have safe food and water across the population. Foodborne infections are one of the primary causes of sickness and mortality in both developed and developing countries. An estimated 100 million foodborne diseases and 120 000 foodborne illness-related fatalities occur each year in India. Several factors affect foodborne illness, such as improper farming methods, poor sanitary and hygienic conditions at all levels of the food supply chain, the lack of preventative measures in the food processing industry, the misuse of food additives, as well as improper storage and handling. In addition, chemical and microbiological combinations also play a key role in disease development. But recent disease outbreaks indicated that microbial pathogens played a major role in the development of foodborne diseases. Therefore, prompt, rapid, and accurate detection of high-risk food pathogens is extremely vital to warrant the safety of the food items. Conventional approaches for identifying foodborne pathogens are labor-intensive and cumbersome. As a result, a range of technologies for the rapid detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens have been developed. Presently, many methods are available for the instantaneous detection, identification, and monitoring of foodborne pathogens, such as nucleic acid-based methods, biosensor-based methods, and immunological-based methods. The goal of this review is to provide a complete evaluation of several existing and emerging strategies for detecting food-borne pathogens. Furthermore, this review outlines innovative methodologies and their uses in food testing, along with their existing limits and future possibilities in the detection of live pathogens in food.

Surbhi Panwar

K. Siddaardha Duggirala

Pooja Yadav

Nabendu Debnath

Ashok Kumar Yadav

Ashwani Kumar

Advanced diagnostic methods for identification of bacterial foodborne pathogens: contemporary and upcoming challenges

Cellulose, the major constituent of all plant materials and the most abundant organic molecule on the Earth, is a linear biopolymer of glucose molecules, connected by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose requires mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes including endoglucanases, exoglucanases (cellobiohydrolases), and β-glucosidases acting in a synergistic manner. In biopolymer hydrolysis studies, enzyme assay is an indispensable part. The most commonly used assays for the individual enzymes as well as total cellulase activity measurements, including their advantages and limitations, are summarized in this review article. In addition, some novel approaches recently used for enzyme assays are summarized.

Mehdi Dashtban

Miranda Maki

Kam Tin Leung

Canquan Mao

Wensheng Qin

Cellulase activities in biomass conversion: measurement methods and comparison

Natural rubber, obtained almost exclusively from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), is a unique biopolymer of strategic importance that, in many of its most significant applications, cannot be replaced by synthetic rubber alternatives. Several pressing motives lead to the search for alternative sources of natural rubber. These include increased evidence of allergenic reactions to Hevea rubber, the danger that the fungal pathogen Microcyclus ulei, causative agent of South American Leaf Blight (SALB), might spread to Southeast Asia, which would severely disrupt rubber production, potential shortages of supply due to increasing demand and changes in land use, and a general trend towards the replacement of petroleum-derived chemicals with renewables. Two plant species have received considerable attention as potential alternative sources of natural rubber: the Mexican shrub Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) and the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz). This review will summarize the current production methods and applications of natural rubber (dry rubber and latex), the threats to the production of natural rubber from the rubber tree, and describe the current knowledge of the production of natural rubber from guayule and Russian dandelion.

Jan B. van Beilen

Yves Poirier

Guayule and Russian Dandelion as Alternative Sources of Natural Rubber

银胶菊和俄罗斯蒲公英作为天然橡胶的替代来源

The diversity and complexity of secondary metabolites in tea plants contribute substantially to the popularity of tea, by determining tea flavors and their numerous health benefits. The most significant characteristics of tea plants are that they concentrate the complex plant secondary metabolites into one leaf: flavonoids, alkaloids, theanine, volatiles, and saponins. Many fundamental questions regarding tea plant secondary metabolism remain unanswered. This includes how tea plants accumulate high levels of monomeric galloylated catechins, unlike the polymerized flavan-3-ols in most other plants, as well as how they are evolved to selectively synthesize theanine and caffeine, and how tea plants properly transport and store these cytotoxic products and then reuse them in defense. Tea plants coordinate many metabolic pathways that simultaneously take place in young tea leaves in response to both developmental and environmental cues. With the available genome sequences of tea plants and high-throughput metabolomic tools as great platforms, it is of particular interest to launch metabolic genomics studies using tea plants as a model system. Plant metabolic genomics are to investigate all aspects of plant secondary metabolism at the genetic, genome, and molecular levels. This includes plant domestication and adaptation, divergence and convergence of secondary metaboloic pathways. The biosynthesis, transport, storage, and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of all metabolites are of core interest in the plant as a whole. This review highlights relevant contexts of metabolic genomics, outstanding questions, and strategies for answering them, with aim to guide future research for genetic improvement of nutrition quality for healthier plant foods.

Jian Zhao

Penghui Li

Tao Xia

Xiaochun Wan

Exploring plant metabolic genomics: chemical diversity, metabolic complexity in the biosynthesis and transport of specialized metabolites with the tea plant as a model

探索植物代谢基因组学：化学多样性、代谢复杂性在茶树模型中的特化代谢物生物合成与转运

Abstract Single-cell approaches are a promising way to obtain high-resolution transcriptomics data and have the potential to revolutionize the study of plant growth and development. Recent years have seen the advent of unprecedented technological advances in the field of plant biology to study the transcriptional information of individual cells by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). This review focuses on the modern advancements of single-cell transcriptomics in plants over the past few years. In addition, it also offers a new insight of how these emerging methods will expedite advance research in plant biotechnology in the near future. Lastly, the various technological hurdles and inherent limitations of single-cell technology that need to be conquered to develop such outstanding possible knowledge gain is critically analyzed and discussed.

Harmeet Kaur

Priyanka Jha

Sergio J. Ochatt

Vijay Kumar

Single-cell transcriptomics is revolutionizing the improvement of plant biotechnology research: recent advances and future opportunities

单细胞转录组学正在革新植物生物技术研究的改进：最新进展与未来机遇

Millets, often overlooked as food crops, have regained potential as promising stable food sources of bioactive compounds to regulate blood sugar levels in the diabetic populace. This comprehensive review delves into various millet varieties, processing methods, and extraction techniques aimed at isolating bioactive compounds. The review elucidates the inhibitory effects of millet-derived bioactive compounds on key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. It further explores the relationship between the antibacterial activity of phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in millets and their role in amylase inhibition. In particular, phenols, flavonoids, and proteins found in millets play pivotal roles in inhibiting enzymes responsible for glucose digestion and absorption. However, processing methods can either enhance or reduce the bioactive compounds, thereby influencing enzyme inhibition capacity. Studies underscore the presence of phenolic compounds with notable inhibitory activity in: foxtail, finger, barnyard, and pearl millet varieties. Furthermore, extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, emerge as efficient methods for isolating bioactive compounds, thus enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the challenges in preserving the inhibitory activity of millets during processing and optimizing processing methods to ensure better retention of bioactive compounds. It also emphasizes the utilization of millet as a natural dietary supplement or functional food to manage diabetes and promote overall well-being.

Rohan R. Bhujle

Nidhi Nayak

N. A. Nanje Gowda

Ravi Pandiselvam

Chikkaballapura Krishnappa Sunil

A comprehensive review on influence of millet processing on carbohydrate-digesting enzyme inhibitors and implications for diabetes management

小米加工对碳水化合物消化酶抑制剂的影响及对糖尿病管理的启示综述

The biomolecular condensates (BCs) formed by proteins through phase separation provide the necessary space and raw materials for the orderly progression of cellular activities, and on this basis, various membraneless organelles (MLOs) are formed. The occurrence of eukaryotic phase separation is driven by multivalent interactions from intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and/or specific protein/nucleic acid binding domains and is regulated by various environmental factors. In plant and animal cells, the MLOs involved in gene expression regulation, stress response, and mitotic control display similar functions and mechanisms. In contrast, the phase separation related to reproductive development and immune regulation differs significantly between the two kingdoms owing to their distinct cell structures and nutritional patterns. In addition, animals and plants each exhibit unique protein phase separation activities, such as neural regulation and light signal response. By comparing the similarities and differences in the formation mechanism and functional regulation of known protein phase separation, we elucidated its importance in the evolution, differentiation, and environmental adaptation of both animals and plants. The significance of studying protein phase separation for enhancing biological quality of life has been further emphasized.

Min Li

Xue Yang

Di Zhang

Yuan Tian

Zi-Chang Jia

Wen-Hui Liu

Rui-Rui Hao

Yun-Sheng Chen

Mo-Xian Chen

Ying-Gao Liu

A story of two kingdoms: unravelling the intricacies of protein phase separation in plants and animals

两个王国的故事：揭开动植物蛋白质相分离的复杂性

Agricultural byproducts generally contain abundant bioactive compounds (e.g., cellulose/hemicellulose, phenolic compounds (PCs), and dietary fibers (DFs)), but most of them are neglected and underutilized. Owing to the complicated and rigid structures of agricultural byproducts, a considerable amount of bioactive compounds are entrapped in the polymer matrix, impeding their further development and utilization. In recent years, the prominent performance of cellulolytic fungi to grow and degrade agricultural byproducts has been applied to achieve efficient biotransformation of byproducts to high-value compounds, which is a green and sustainable strategy for the reutilization of agricultural byproducts. This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in the value-added biotransformation of agricultural byproducts by cellulolytic fungi, including (1) direct utilization of agricultural byproducts for biochemicals and bioethanol production via a consolidated bioprocessing, (2) recovery and biotransformation of bounded PCs from agricultural byproducts for higher bioactive properties, as well as (3) modification and conversion of insoluble DF from agricultural byproducts to produce functional soluble DF. The functional enzymes, potential mechanisms, and metabolic pathways involved are emphasized. Moreover, promising advantages and current bottlenecks using cellulolytic fungi have also been elucidated, shedding further perspectives for sustainable and efficient reutilization of agricultural byproducts by cellulolytic fungi.

Su Yan

Jia-Jia Ma

Dan Wu

Gui-Li Huang

Xiao-Wei Yu

Yu-Ning Wang

Value-added biotransformation of agricultural byproducts by cellulolytic fungi: a review

农业副产品纤维素降解真菌增值生物转化研究综述

Resveratrol is an antioxidant abundant in plants like grapes and peanuts and has garnered significant attention for its potential therapeutic applications. This review explores its chemical attributes, stability, and solubility, influencing its diverse applications and bioavailability. Resveratrol's multifaceted therapeutic roles encompass: antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anticancer properties. While traditionally studied in preclinical settings, a surge in clinical trials underscores resveratrol's promise for human health. Over 250 recent clinical trials investigate its effects alone and in combination with other compounds. Commercially utilized in food, cosmetics, supplements, and pharmaceuticals, the resveratrol market is expanding, driven by microbial fermentation. Microbes offer advantages over plant extraction and chemical synthesis, providing cost-effective, pure, and sustainable production. Microbial biosynthesis can be attained from carbon sources, such as glucose or xylose, among others, which can be obtained from renewable resources or agro-industrial wastes. While

Carlos E. Costa

Aloia Romaní

Lucília Domingues

Overview of resveratrol properties, applications, and advances in microbial precision fermentation

白藜芦醇的特性、应用及微生物精准发酵进展概述

have been widely used in industrial compound production for their incomplete oxidation ability. However, they are often subjected to a wide variety of severe environmental stresses, such as extreme pH, high temperature, osmotic pressure, and organic solvents, which greatly repress microbial growth viability and productivity. As typical biocatalysis chassis cells with a high tolerance to external environmental stresses, it is extremely important to construct highly tolerant chassis cells and understand the tolerance mechanisms of

Yan Chen

Fei Liu

Aobo Sha

Meijuan Xu

Zhiming Rao

Xian Zhang

The mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance in <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> : progress and perspectives

<i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> 环境胁迫耐受机制：进展与展望

Abbreviation	Crit. Rev. Biotechnol.
Journal Impact	8.16
Quartiles(Global)	BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY(Q1)

ISSN	0738-8551, 1549-7801
h-index	123

Publication Information	Publisher: Informa Healthcare，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1983，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 9.69%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：约稿?周期不定
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：一般

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

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