Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine

The aim of this study was to characterize the poisoning cases admitted to the Government Wenlock Hospital (a teaching hospital of Kasturba Medical College) Mangalore, India.All cases admitted to the emergency department of the hospital between January 2001 to May 2003 evaluated retrospectively. Data obtained from the hospital medical records and included the following factors: socio-demographic characteristics, agents and route of intake, and time of admission of the acutely poisoned patients.Of the total 33,207 patients admitted in the hospital for treatment, 325 patients were for to acute poisoning. This was 1% of all emergency admissions. Of these 70% were males and 30% females. The majority (36%) cases were from age group of 21-30 years. Most (72%) poisonings were intentional and only 27% were unintentional. The most important agents of acute poisoning were agrochemical pesticides (49%) followed by drugs (17%), and alcohols (13%). Forty-eight (15%) patients died. The poisons responsible for most of the mortality were organophosphate pesticides (65%) and aluminium phosphide (15%). In summary, the prevention and treatment of poisoning due to organophosphate and aluminium phosphide should merit high priority in the health care of the indigenous population of South India (Dakshina Kannada district).

Bhoopendra Singh

B. Unnikrishnan

A profile of acute poisoning at Mangalore (South India)

芒格洛尔（印度南部）急性中毒概况

Deborah Rogers

Mary Newton

J Clin Forensic Med

Evidence-based forensic sampling – more questions than answers

基于证据的法庭取样——问题多于答案

Jason Payne-James

The journal, special issues &amp; evidence

期刊、特刊与证据

Somnambulism or sleepwalking is a viable defence on the basis of automatism. The behaviours that occur during sleepwalking can be highly complex and include sexual behaviour of all types. Somnambulistic sexual behaviour (also called sexsomnia, sleep sex) is considered a variant of sleepwalking disorder as the overwhelming majority of people with Sexsomnia have a history of parasomnia and a family history of sleepwalking. Sexual behaviour during a sleep automatism can vary from explicit sexual vocalisations, to violent masturbation, to complex sexual acts including anal, oral and vaginal penetration. A recent case in England is reported where the defendant was acquitted on 3 charges of rape on the basis of automatism due to somnambulistic sexual behaviour.

Irshaad Osman Ebrahim

Somnambulistic sexual behaviour (sexsomnia)

梦游性性行为（性梦游症）

Misconceptions about the likelihood of sustaining injuries following rape or sexual assault can have a detrimental effect on the justice process. This is particularly noticeable with regard to first time intercourse. Forensic physicians have a duty to put any examination findings in context. This study sets out to compare the findings in virgin and non-virgin adolescents seen at the St Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, after an allegation of non-consensual intercourse.The records of all females aged 12-17 years old, examined in an 18 month period were reviewed.Two hundred and twenty-four clients fitted this group with a mean age of 14.8 years. Eighty-one were "virgins" and 97 had been sexually active prior to the assault. The virgin group took longer to present for examination then the non-virgin group (90 h compared to 44 h). Of all clients 51% had a non-genital injury. These tended to be minor. 32% of the non-virgin group had a genital injury. In the virgin group, 53% had a genital injury, however only 32% had the type of genital injury that would leave permanent evidence of penetration (i.e. if examined several weeks or more later). Alcohol use prior to assault was common.Genital and or body injuries are not routinely found in adolescents after an allegation of rape or sexual assault even when there has not been previous sexual experience. The absence of injury does not exclude the possibility of intercourse, whether with or without consent.

Catherine White

Iain McLean

Adolescent complainants of sexual assault; injury patterns in virgin and non-virgin groups

青少年性侵犯投诉者；处女与非处女群体的损伤模式

During expert testimony in court, forensic pathologists are often asked to estimate the length of survival following fatal injuries. Though it is impossible to be precise, fatal vascular trauma survival times are generally considered short. We here report two unusual cases of delayed deaths, one following homicidal stabbing of the heart and the other by suicidal cutting of the neck. In those two cases, investigation clearly provided evidence of prolonged survival: slightly more than 2 h for the first case and about 8 h for the second. Relevant literature is revised and physiopathological hypotheses are discussed.

Anny Sauvageau

Jean-Sébastien Trépanier

Stéphanie Racette

Delayed deaths after vascular traumatism: Two cases

血管创伤后延迟死亡：两例

This retrospective study examined homicides in two French departments located in the West of France (Indre-et-Loire and Loir-et-Cher) for a four-year period from 2000 to 2003. During this period 63 homicidal deaths were investigated at the Institute of Forensic Science of Tours (Indre-et-Loire). There were 45 male and 18 female victims with an average homicide rate of 1.55 per 100,000 persons. The mean age of the victims was 42 years-old. Forty-five assailants were identified; their mean age was 38 years-old. The most common method of homicide was the use of firearms (40% of the cases), followed by blunt-force injury (36%) and sharp-force injury (16%). 51% of the victims knew their assailant, a family member in 26% of the cases. Spousal homicides occurred in 16% of the cases. Dyadic death occurred in six cases. A review of the literature compares these findings to other populations.

Pauline Saint-Martin

Marie Bouyssy

Stephane Bathellier

Saad Sarraj

Patrick O’Byrne

Homicide in Tours (Indre-et-Loire, France): A four-year review

图尔市（法国安德尔-卢瓦尔省）的杀人案件：四年回顾

Little information is presenting in Greek literature regarding forensic and criminological aspects of homicide in North-West Greece. Autopsy reports and the prosecution authorities' files were respectively analyzed with regard to individual characteristics of perpetrators and victims, circumstances, and mode of commitment in order to comprehensively characterize relevant forensic and criminologic aspects. In the 8-year period from January 1998 to May 2005, 26 homicide cases were autopsied in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University of Ioannina, Greece. Twenty-nine homicide victims (18 males, 11 females; mean age 47 years) and 26 offenders were involved--20 single, 4 multiple-offenders and 2 were not known (24 males, 2 females; mean age 35 years). The most common method used for homicide was gunshot trauma (41.4%). Head injuries and multiple trauma were the most common cause of fatal injuries. Most homicides took place outside in a deserted area or close to agricultural side (n=12). Fifty percent (n=13) of all cases the offender and the victim were known to each other (acquaintances). Twenty-three cases were categorized as "single" homicides and 3 as "multiple" and the victims were classified; 20 as murder-physical injury with fatal outcome, 2 homicide-suicide, 1 infanticide, 4 matricide, and 2 as patricide.

Theodore Vougiouklakis

Christina Tsiligianni

Forensic and criminologic aspects of murder in North-West (Epirus) Greece

希腊西北部（伊庇鲁斯）谋杀案的法医和犯罪学方面

Thyroglossal duct cysts arise from remnants of embryonic thyroglossal duct that connects the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue to the thyroid gland. The remnants enlarge secondary to secretions from the epithelial lining. Usually, thyroglossal cysts present as non-tender masses. However, they may also become infected, produce fistulas or give hoarseness and dysphagia. Rarely, especially if the mass is located at the base of the tongue, airway obstruction and dyspnea can ensue. This unusual presentation has been mainly seen in very young children and has caused death in about half of these cases. Nevertheless, in the adult population, very few cases of airway obstruction by thyroglossal duct cysts have been reported, only one being fatal. We present the case of a 55-year-old man who died from fatal asphyxia caused by a thyroglossal cyst.

Émilie P. Belley-Côté

Fatal asphyxia by a thyroglossal duct cyst in an adult

成人甲状舌管囊肿致死性窒息

The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of acute poisoning deaths in the deprived region of Epirus, north-west Greece, as they were recorded among the autopsies performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece. A retrospective study of the forensic records and the toxicological data of all autopsies performed over the period 1998-2004 revealed that 46 cases (2.9%) out of the 1582 total autopsies performed were attributed to acute fatal poisoning. The age range was from 16 to 94 years (mean+/-SD=46.20+/-22.13). Substances of abuse were implicated in 22 cases (47.8%), pesticides in 9 cases (19.6%), gases in eight cases (17.4%), corrosives in 4 cases (8.7%), and prescription drugs in 3 cases (6.5%). There were 35 males (76.1%) and 11 females (23.9%) and the age range was 16-94 years (mean+/-SD=39.26+/-19.00) and 16-93 years (mean+/-SD=63.36+/-23.46) for males and females, respectively. Fourteen out of the 46 fatal poisonings were suicide (30.4%), 30 (69.6%) were accident, and 2 were uncertain cases. Pesticides were the most common poisons used for suicide purposes (64.3% of suicides). Drugs of abuse were implicated in the majority of accidental poisoning deaths (73.3%) and were recorded mainly for males (95.5%). The selected cases were classified according to ICD-9 codes.

Vassiliki A. Boumba

Antigony Mitselou

Fatal poisoning in the region of Epirus, Greece, during the period 1998–2004

希腊伊庇鲁斯地区1998-2004年间的致命中毒事件

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier B.V.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1994，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine

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