PHYSICA SCRIPTA 是一本国际期刊，针对实验和理论物理学的任何分支进行原创研究。文章将在以下任一主题中被考虑，也欢迎涉及物理学的跨学科主题：-原子、分子和光学物理-等离子体物理-凝聚态物理-数学物理-天体物理-高能物理-核物理-非线性物理。该杂志旨在提高研究对更广泛的物理科学界的知名度和可及性。鼓励发表关于广泛感兴趣的主题的文章，并且在更专业的领域提交的文章应努力在引言中提及他们研究的更广泛背景。

Physica Scripta is an international journal dedicated to original research in all branches of experimental and theoretical physics. We consider articles on any of the following topics and welcome interdisciplinary subjects related to physics: - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics - Plasma physics - Condensed matter physics - Mathematical physics - Astrophysics - High-energy physics - Nuclear physics - Nonlinear physics. The journal aims to enhance the visibility and accessibility of research to the broader physics community. We encourage submissions on topics of wide interest, and articles submitted in more specialized fields should strive to mention the broader context of their research in the introduction.

《Physica Scripta》是一本国际期刊，专注于实验和理论物理学的各个分支，欢迎原创研究的投稿。我们接受以下主题的文章，同时也鼓励涉及物理学的跨学科研究：- 原子、分子和光学物理 - 等离子体物理 - 凝聚态物理 - 数学物理 - 天体物理 - 高能物理 - 核物理 - 非线性物理。该期刊旨在提升研究成果在更广泛物理科学界的知名度和可及性。我们鼓励发表与广泛主题相关的文章，同时在更专业领域的投稿应努力在引言中阐明其研究的更广泛背景。

Physica Scripta

Plasma-spray technology is under investigation as a method for producing high thermal conductivity beryllium coatings for use in magnetic fusion applications. Recent investigations have focused on optimizing the plasmaspray process for depositing beryllium coatings on damaged beryllium surfaces. Of particular interest has been optimizing the processing parameters to maximize the through-thickness thermal conductivity of the beryllium coatings. Experimental results will be reported on the use of secondary H2 gas additions to improve the melting of the beryllium powder and negative transferred-arc cleaning to improve the bonding between the beryllium coatings and the underlying surface. Information will also be presented on thermal cycle tests which were done on beryllium coated ISX-B beryllium limiter tiles using 10s cycle times with 60s cooldowns using a heat flux slightly in excess of 5 MW/m2.

Richard G Castro

Paul W Stanek

Keith E Elliott

Dennis L Youchison

Robert D Watson

David S Walsh

The structure, properties and performance of plasma-sprayed beryllium for fusion applications

In science education, the use of laboratory experiments has a critical role. However, experiments can cause excessive material waste, and safety issues must be taken seriously. Virtual laboratories and simulations have become a useful and effective alternative to in-person, hands-on laboratories as a result of the educational possibilities afforded by information and communication technology. With virtual reality (VR), students can depict scientific phenomena through virtual practical experiments that use computer simulation. In this work, VR-based lab simulations of physics and chemistry experiments were introduced. Chemistry lab includes 3 experiments from organic chemistry (identify aldehydes using Tollen’s test, identify ketones using the 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine test, and identify carboxylic acids using the sodium carbonate test) and physics lab includes 2 experiments on series and parallel current, accomplished through the use of the real-time 3D graphics and pre-rendered animations. Further, to assess the usability of the developed system, 20 students were surveyed as research subjects and they filled out the SUS survey after conducting the VR experiments in Oculus Quest 2. . The average score for the VR chemistry lab simulations was 92.63%, and, the average score for the physics lab was 93.38%, indicating a high level of performance and achievement among the participants. Further, in the comparative study evaluating knowledge retention and learning experience, the experimental group (VR, N=20) outperformed the control group (traditional, N=13), indicating a more favorable learning experience. All participants from the experiment group reported that virtual labs were easy to use. Overall, findings from the Knowledge Retention survey show that interactive laboratory activities enhance students’ understanding of chemical processes and practical skills.

Zubaira Naz

Ayesha Azam

Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan

Tanzila Saba

Shaha Al-Otaibi

Amjad Rehman

Phys. Scr.

Development and evaluation of immersive VR laboratories of organic chemistry and physics for students education

有机化学与物理沉浸式虚拟现实实验室的开发与学生教育评估

Abstract Great advancements in III–V/Si epitaxy have pushed quantum dot lasers to the forefront of silicon photonics. In this work, we designed the structures of evanescent coupled quantum dot distributed feedback lasers with asymmetric gratings, which made significant improvement in on-chip output power while maintaining single-longitudinal-mode stability. The optimal /4 phase-shift position (the ratio of the grating length from the rear-end of /4 phase-shift to the total grating length) from conventional position of 0.50 to 0.64 allows the ratio of the output power at both sides of silicon waveguide to be increased from 1.0 to 5.9. Moreover, the optimal duty cycle at one side of the phase-shift from 0.50 to 0.8 allows the ratio to be increased from 1.0 to 3.7. Meanwhile, the ratio could be dramatically improved from 1.0 to 9.2 by changed the duty cycle at one side of phase-shift to 0.7 while maintaining the phase-shift position of 0.64. With those designed structures, evanescent coupled quantum dot lasers could challenge the state-of-the-art bonded quantum well lasers and may eventually become ubiquitous and affordable for future commercial production.

Qing Ge

Jun Wang

Shuaicheng Liu

Hao Liu

Hao Zhai

Feng Lin

Yanan Chen

Chuanjiang Liu

Kaize Mao

Yiming Bai

Qi Wang

Yongqing Huang

Xiaomin Ren

Design of high power evanescent quantum dot distributed feedback lasers on Si

高功率消逝量子点分布反馈激光器的硅基设计

Abstract We proposed a tunable chiral metasurface comprising a reflective bottom layer of gold, a dielectric layer of polyimide, and a structural top layer of gold-graphene. Its main properties were studied via numerical simulations conducted using CST Studio Suite. The results indicate that, based on the chiral metasurface, we achieved dual-band circular dichroism of −0.5 and 0.77 at 0.9 THz and 1.06 THz, respectively, and complementary near-field imaging applications were realized by tuning the Fermi level (E f ) of graphene. Subsequently, exploiting the exceptional selective characteristics of circularly polarized waves using a chiral metasurface, eight chiral phase-gradient metasurfaces were constructed by rotating the chiral structure. Moreover, based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle, tunable wavefront shaping applications were further realized, including anomalous reflection, vortex beams, and focusing. In anomalous reflection, the reflection angles for left-circularly polarized (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) incidences are opposite when adjusting the E f of graphene. For example, when the graphene E f is 0 eV and the LCP wave is incident at 0°, the reflection angle is −18°. Conversely, when the graphene E f is 1 eV and the RCP wave is incident at 0°, the reflection angle is 18°. In the application of vortex beams, by adjusting the E f of graphene, we achieved vortex beams with opposite topological charges under different circularly polarized incidences. In the focusing application, the incident LCP and RCP can achieve focusing and defocusing, respectively. And the graphene E f can dynamically control the focusing efficiency at the incident LCP, increasing it from 13.63% to 44.84%.

Xin Zhang

Shuang Yang

Yachen Gao

A Tunable Chiral Metasurface Useable in Terahertz Imaging and Wavefront Shaping

可调手性超表面用于太赫兹成像和波前整形

Abstract The emergence of metasurface technology has brought innovation to the design of optical devices, and many optical devices based on metasurface have been proposed. However, the inherent dispersion of metasurface structures limits their ability to operate at wide frequencies. By changing the geometric parameters of the metasurface unit structure, the unit structure has achromatic properties on the basis of satisfying the phase gradient. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multilayer transmissive metasurface stealth cloak has broadband stealth function in the frequency range of 0.7 to 0.77 THz. Achromatic broadband metasurface stealth devices provide new ideas for the design of broadband metasurface stealth devices, and also promote the research of other broadband metasurface optical devices.

Yanling Li

Jianfeng Xu

Fuhai Liu

Lizhen Xu

Bo Fang

Chenxia Li

Broadband achromatic transmission stealth cloak based on all dielectric metasurfaces

基于全介质超表面的宽带消色差透射隐身斗篷

Abstract The digital economy drives a surge in online digital image transactions, increasing the risk of data breaches due to extensive image file transmission. Stream ciphers, known for their efficiency compared to block ciphers, have emerged as a preferred choice for encrypting images in such transactions to safeguard transmitted data. Nevertheless, traditional stream cipher algorithms face diverse security threats. To address this challenge, efforts have been devoted to generating stream ciphers by generative adversarial networks (GANs) transforming input style into random patterns. Regrettably, these ciphers face issues in key sensitivity, randomness, and style transformation failures. Quantum true random numbers offer a potential solution but are costly to deploy. To handle this dilemma, we design stream ciphers relied on a neural network random number generator (RNG) using quantum true random numbers for training least squares GANs. Specifically, two fully-connected layers are incorporated into the RNG, avoiding the defects of style transformation in existing GANs-based stream ciphers. Besides, a random number calculation formula is employed to ensure that each decimal place output by the generator contributes to the computation of the random numbers. By doing so, the randomness of GANs is enhanced and the deployment of costly quantum devices is avoided. Experiments reveal that the information entropy of our generated images reaches to 7.9991, the adjacent pixel correlation coefficient of the ciphertext attains -0.0015, the Number of Pixel Change Rate and Unified Average Changing Intensity achieve 99.62% and 33.52%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the designed RNG facilitates randomness, whilst having secure properties applied in stream ciphers.

Zhenjie Bao

Changsheng Wan

Vir V. Phoha

Yichen Hu

Juan Zhang

Wenda Xu

Haitao Chen

Stream ciphers for digital image transactions by learning quantum true random numbers

基于量子真随机数学习的数字图像交易流密码

Abstract Solution casting technique was used successfully to prepare Poly methyl methacrylate/silver nanoparticles-polyhydroxybutyrate blend with different polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) concentrations. FTIR results assure and confirm the good compatibility between the two polymers. X-ray results of the PHB/PMMA-AgNP blend show an increase in crystallinity with increasing PHB loading. A non-destructive Positron annihilation lifetime measurements were conducted at room temperature as a function of PHB concentration. Dielectric measurements were performed in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 50 MHz at RT. It was observed that O-Ps lifetime, τ3, O-Ps intensity, I3, free volume hole size, FV, and fractional free volume, FFV, were found to decrease with increasing PHB percentage. The dielectric constant ε/ showed a declined behaviour with increasing PHB content. The fabricated blend shows anomalous behaviour regarding the dielectric properties and free volume properties, assuming that blending PMMA with PHB alters the blend polarization behaviour in an external electric field.&amp;#xD;

Ali Alzahrani

Houda Kaouach

Ameenah N. AlAhmadi

Asmaa Al-Rasheedi

Esam El-Sayed Abdel-Hady

Somia Awad

Dielectric and free volume of Poly methyl methacrylate/ silver nanoparticles- polyhydroxybutyrate nanocomposites (PMMA- AgNP/PHB): Positron annihilation lifetime study

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/银纳米粒子-聚羟基丁酸酯纳米复合材料（PMMA-AgNP/PHB）的介电性能和自由体积：正电子湮没寿命研究

Abstract A novel gold-titania composite film-coated dual-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter (GT-DC-PCF PBS) is proposed for the first time. The titania film and gold film are sequentially deposited on the inner wall of the central air hole to improve the polarization splitting performance and enhance the adsorption strength between the gold film and the optical fiber. Based on the mode coupling theory and surface plasmon resonance effect, the transmission characteristics of x-polarization (X-pol) and y-polarization (Y-pol) odd and even modes in the near-infrared band are analyzed by finite element method. Meanwhile, the variation of coupling length and coupling length ratio for X-pol and Y-pol light under different PCF structural parameters at the wavelength of 1550 nm are also studied to optimize the performance of PBS. The results show that at the 1550 nm communication window, the extinction ratio of the PBS is up to -175.82 dB for the polarization splitting length of 2.76 mm, with an operating bandwidth of 179 nm and a maximum insertion loss of 0.23 dB. This paper aims to propose a novel design method to improve the performance of DC-PCF PBS, which has profound guiding significance for the development of high-performance PBS.&amp;#xD;

Yundong Liu

Yujun Wang

Hualin Liu

Nianfeng Shi

Yingying Li

Xiaojian Meng

High-performance dual-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter based on gold-titania composite film coating

基于金-二氧化钛复合膜涂层的高性能双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器

Abstract Within a decade, the power conversion efficiency (PCEs) of metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) move upward from 3.9% to 25.7%, making them competitive with current state-of-the-art silicon-based counterparts. This steepest growth of the PCEs suggests that the commercialization of this technology might be easing the energy transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy. However, a wide range of factors restricts the commercial viability of PSCs like their toxicity and instability. A crucial and difficult task in the field of PSCs is the replacement of Pb-based perovskite with non-toxic and eco-friendly material while maintaining the high-performance with improved stability. Cs2AgBiBr6double perovskites material seems to be very promising in this regard. This article reviews the recent progress in Cs2AgBiBr6 double PSC devices including the advancement of efficiency and stability. Here, the evolution of Cs2AgBiBr6 towards the application and fabrication of PSCs has also been discussed. This study also analyzed the impact of numerous environmental stresses, such as mechanical, thermal and optical stresses including the potential prospects in the case of Pb-free PSCs.&amp;#xD;

Md. Jakir Hossen

Hairul Mardiah Hamzah

Md. Shahinuzzaman

MS Jamal

Suhana Mohd Said

S. F. Wan Muhamad Hatta

Md. Helal Miah

Mayeen Uddin Khandaker

Mohammad Aminul Islam

Recent progress on the efficiency and stability of lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double halide perovskite solar cells

无铅Cs2AgBiBr6双卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池效率与稳定性的最新进展

Abstract The latched comparator is a fundamental component of all ADC topologies. Thermal noise, kickback noise, and offset voltage impact the energy efficiency of the comparator significantly. In cardiac IMD ADCs, latched comparator kickback noise may impact resolution, accuracy, and settling time. This paper describes the design and development of an a low-power dynamic latched comparator optimised for biomedical applications and running at 1V. The suggested comparator is achieved on a 45 nm CMOS technology node, having the main goal of reducing kickback noise. The main concept of the recommended comparator has been utilizing the novel resetting approach and kickback noise reduction approach to preserve the charge and kickback noise, respectively. This approach aids in minimizing delay, power consumption, and kickback noise using shared charging logic. The charging-sharing technique involves using a single-pass transistor positioned across two output nodes. The pass transistor distributes the charge evenly across two output nodes throughout the reset phase. Due to the shared charging of the load capacitances, the voltage at the output nodes would not drop under the threshold value. As a result, the input signal could be evaluated more quickly during the regenerative stage. The comparator's delay is calculated using a rigorous statistical analysis considering the circuit's random factors. The offset of the proposed comparator is verified using thorough Monte Carlo simulations. The comparator reduces power while preserving noise. Also, the measured simulation results of recommended comparator outperform state-of-the-art comparators regarding kickback noise, delay, power consumption, and power delay product (PDP). The input voltage inversely affects the comparator's delay. Further, the simulation shows that the comparator consumes 9.36μW at 1 V and 1GHz sampling frequency. The simulation results confirm that the suggested comparator effectively reduces power consumption by atleast 66.98%. The proposed comparator has less PDP value by 44.44%. Also, suggested comparator effectively reduces offset voltage by 7.6% but with a corresponding increase in the area by 5%. Additionally, the comparator successfully reduces kickback noise by 44.6%. The obtained results are not silicon proven and bound to be in the pre-silicon stage. The low-power behaviour of the suggested technique is validated using analytical derivations, PVT corner analysis, and post-layout simulation.

Abbreviation	Phys. Scr.
Journal Impact	2.72
Quartiles(Global)	PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q2)

ISSN	0031-8949, 1402-4896
h-index	97

Publication Information	Publisher: Institute of Physics，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1970，Proportion of original research papers: 99.38%，Self Citation Rate:11.50%， Gold OA Rate: 5.69%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均4.8个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Physica Scripta

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