Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health – CBMH – aims to publish original material on any aspect of the relationship between mental state and criminal behaviour. Thus, we are interested in mental mechanisms associated with offending, regardless of whether the individual concerned has a mental disorder or not. We are interested in factors that influence such relationships, and particularly welcome studies about pathways into and out of crime. These will include studies of normal and abnormal development, of mental disorder and how that may lead to offending for a subgroup of sufferers, together with information about factors which mediate such a relationship.

The journal "Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health" aims to publish original research on any aspect of the relationship between mental state and criminal behavior. We are interested in the mental mechanisms associated with offending, regardless of whether the individual has a mental disorder. We particularly welcome studies that explore the factors influencing these relationships, especially those examining pathways into and out of crime. This includes research on normal and abnormal development, mental disorders and how they may lead to offending in a subgroup of sufferers, along with information about the factors that mediate such relationships.

《Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health》期刊旨在发表关于心理状态与犯罪行为之间关系的原创研究。我们关注与犯罪相关的心理机制，无论个体是否存在心理障碍。期刊特别欢迎关于影响这些关系的因素的研究，尤其是关于犯罪的进入与退出路径的研究。这些研究将包括正常与异常发展、心理障碍及其如何导致部分患者犯罪的研究，以及有关调节这种关系的因素的信息。

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

Abstract Background The prevalence of cyberbullying suggests that about 15% of school‐aged children are involved in some way, although estimates vary widely. Preventing and limiting the behaviour will require more understanding of how mutable variables relate to it. There is some evidence linking higher psychopathy scores to cyberbullying, but the cognitive processes involved in ‘moral disengagement’ may provide better candidates for intervention. Aims To test the hypothesis that psychopathy scores and moral disengagement ratings would each be associated with cyberbullying, but that sex and age would moderate any associations. Method We conducted a cross‐sectional study with 334 11 to 15‐year‐olds (162 girls, 172 boys) from two French schools. Participants completed a self‐report questionnaire which measured cyberbullying, psychopathy traits and moral disengagement. Results We found a significant relationship between moral disengagement scale scores and cyberbullying ratings, but a stronger relationship between psychopathy scores and likelihood of cyberbullying. Neither sex nor age of the students affected these relationships. Conclusion This study adds to existing knowledge in showing that enduring personal qualities, as captured by a self‐rated psychopathy scale, may increase the risk of cyberbullying among adolescents. The findings suggest that teachers should be helped to monitor students’ emotional and cognitive social skills and consider extra support for those who struggle to recognise or process others’ distress.

Natacha Hoareau

Celine Bages

Mégane Allaire

Alain Guerrien

Crim Behav Ment Health

The role of psychopathic traits and moral disengagement in cyberbullying among adolescents

青少年网络欺凌中精神病态特质和道德脱离的作用

There are not many longitudinal studies examining people experiencing homelessness and interacting with the criminal justice system over time.To describe the type of criminal offences committed, court outcomes, identify probable predictors of reoffending, and estimate the criminal justice costs in a cohort of homeless hostel clinic attendees.A retrospective cohort study of 1646 people attending a homeless clinic who had had contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, using linked clinic, criminal offence, health and mortality data from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2021. Initial comparisons were made with the 852 clinic attendees without CJS contact in the period. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of recidivism.There were 16,840 offending episodes, giving an offence rate of 87.8 per 100 person-years (95%CI: 86.5-89.1). The most common index offences were acts intended to cause injury (22%), illicit drug (17%) and theft-related (12%) offences. Most people (83%) were found guilty of the index offence and received a fine (37%) or community-based sentence (29%). Total court finalisation costs were AUD $11.3 million. Three-quarters of those convicted reoffended within 24 months. Offenders were more likely to be younger, have a diagnosis of personality disorder (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04-1.67), a substance use disorder (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI 1.14-2.23) and/or to have a previous charge dismissed on mental health grounds (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.31-2.46). Within the offending cohort, reoffenders had almost twice the odds of having theft-related offences as their principal index offence (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.29-2.66).This longitudinal study finding of not only a high rate of criminal justice contact, but also a high rate of recidivism among people who have been homeless, lends support to a need for strategies both to address the root causes of homelessness and to provide a comprehensive systems-based response to reduce recidivism, that includes secure housing as well as mental health and substance use treatment programmes for homeless offenders.

Rebecca J. Mitchell

Nicholas Burns

Nicholas Glozier

Olav Nielssen

Homelessness and predictors of criminal reoffending: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Extended stays in specialist secure hospital units raise ethical concerns. While this topic has been investigated in various countries, there has been little research on it in France. Aims We aimed to study the length of stay of patients in the Henri Colin unit, a secure hospital unit in the Paris area and test relationships between length of stay and sociodemographic, clinical and legal features. Methods In this records‐based retrospective study, we included all 60 inpatients on a census day just prior to the pandemic. We chose a 2‐year threshold to define long stay status. Results Mean length of stay was just in the long‐stay range (756.7 days, SD 1071.2). Over a quarter (17, 28%) of the patients had been hospitalised for more than 2 years and 5 (8%) patients for more than 5 years. In multivariate analysis, legal status and need for seclusion during stay were significantly associated with long‐stay status. These results are consistent with international literature, especially as they show the significant interplay between legal and medical aspects in the patients' care pathway. Conclusion As the first such study in a specialist medium security hospital unit in France, this study adds to the international evidence on the complexities surrounding extended stays in secure units and underscores the importance of addressing both clinical and legal aspects in the treatment of patients with mental disorders in these settings.

Camille Larhant

Sophie Raymond

Laurie‐Anne Claude

Michel Lejoyeux

Ivan Gasman

Barriers to discharge: A retrospective study of factors associated with stays of longer than 2 years in a French secure hospital unit

出院障碍：法国安全医院单元住院时间超过2年的相关因素回顾性研究

Criminal Behaviour and Mental HealthEarly View EDITORIAL Addiction behind bars: Swiss symposium insights Constantin Bondolfi, Corresponding Author Constantin Bondolfi [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-360X Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Unisanté, Lausanne, Switzerland Correspondence Constantin Bondolfi. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Bodenmann, Patrick Bodenmann Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Unisanté, Lausanne, Switzerland Populations in Situation of Vulnerability, UNIL, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorYasser Khazaal, Yasser Khazaal Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorDidier Delessert, Didier Delessert Departement of Psychiatry, Service of Prison Medicine and Psychiatry (SMPP), Prilly, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSophie Paroz, Sophie Paroz Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorRebecca Gray, Rebecca Gray Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorJean-Bernard Daeppen, Jean-Bernard Daeppen Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this author Constantin Bondolfi, Corresponding Author Constantin Bondolfi [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-360X Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Unisanté, Lausanne, Switzerland Correspondence Constantin Bondolfi. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Bodenmann, Patrick Bodenmann Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Unisanté, Lausanne, Switzerland Populations in Situation of Vulnerability, UNIL, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorYasser Khazaal, Yasser Khazaal Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorDidier Delessert, Didier Delessert Departement of Psychiatry, Service of Prison Medicine and Psychiatry (SMPP), Prilly, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSophie Paroz, Sophie Paroz Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorRebecca Gray, Rebecca Gray Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorJean-Bernard Daeppen, Jean-Bernard Daeppen Addictions Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 November 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2362Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. 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Constantin Bondolfi

Patrick Bodenmann

Yasser Khazaal

Didier Delessert

Sophie Paroz

Rebecca Gray

Jean‐Bernard Daeppen

Addiction behind bars: Swiss symposium insights

狱中成瘾：瑞士研讨会洞察

Abstract Background A substantial number of police–citizen interactions involve a civilian presenting in a mental health crisis, often with law enforcement as the first point of contact. Traditional training methods offer minimal opportunity for police to practice navigating such civilian interactions or to develop and strengthen relevant skills. Virtual reality (VR) offers a promising avenue for addressing this gap by immersing police officers in realistic, controlled environments that could help them to acclimatise to these encounters and understand their own reactions to them. Aims To examine the extent to which law enforcement officers become immersed in a virtual training environment (VTE), to assess their empathy and sympathy towards a non‐player character (NPC) presenting with schizophrenic psychosis and how empathy and sympathy relate to virtual immersion. Methods Forty police officers—about a fifth of the department approached—participated in a VR mental health training scenario. Officers' immersion in the VTE was assessed using a 28‐item Presence Questionnaire and their empathy and sympathy were measured using adapted standard scales. The study employed Fisher's Exact Test and Spearman's correlation to analyse the relationships between immersion, empathy and sympathy. Results Most officers experienced good levels of immersion, although nearly half felt confused or disoriented at the beginning of the session. Officers reported moderate levels of sympathy and higher empathy towards a non‐player character. Significant correlations were found between specific aspects of immersion (e.g. sensory engagement) and empathy. Fisher's Exact Test revealed strong associations between physical interactions in the VTE and empathy/sympathy. Conclusions Our findings show that police are willing and able to engage in a VR exercise to learn about their response to people in a mental health crisis and that, in such circumstances, they can be both sympathetic and empathic. Next steps will be exploration of the value of such a tool to enhance real‐life responding.

Lisa M. Dario

Jesse D. Saginor

Exploration of a virtual reality exercise to help train police with responding to mental health crises in the community

探索一种虚拟现实训练方法，帮助警察应对社区心理健康危机

Abstract Background Whilst there is increasing recognition and interest in how staff who have neurodivergence are represented and contribute to industry, to date, there has been very little exploration of neurodivergence among healthcare staff and none with those working in forensic psychiatric services. Aims To estimate the prevalence of neurodivergence among staff working in a UK high‐secure psychiatric hospital and explore their experiences. Methods All staff were invited to complete a confidential online self‐report questionnaire consisting of both closed and open questions. Results A fifth of the staff responded ( n = 124), but two did not report their neurodivergent status, so were excluded. Nearly 40% of responders reported having some form of neurodivergence, with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) being the most common, followed by dyslexia, autism and dyspraxia. Over a third (36%) of those reporting neurodivergence said that they had chosen not to disclose this to the organisation and around a quarter (23%) reported not feeling valued or supported by the organisation. Of the staff cohort who responded, most expressed the view that neurodiversity in the workforce is beneficial to patient care, despite the majority being unsure whether neurodivergence is an advantage or a barrier for the individual themselves. Over half of staff completing the survey felt there was not enough awareness of neurodiversity among staff and that more training on the subject would be beneficial. Conclusion This survey suggests gaps in our recognition and understanding of neurodivergence among hospital staff. Although the prevalence figure should be treated with caution, given the low response rate, in this first survey of neurodivergence among staff in a secure hospital, our findings suggest substantial numbers of staff with neurodivergence and the likelihood that neither they nor the organisation are optimising this situation. The further steps should include the development and evaluation of strategies exploring ways of improving recognition and relevant support for staff, as well as discovering ways in which neurodivergence in staff might inform and optimise care and treatment for patients.

Freya Walker

Anna Samya Sri

David Murphy

An exploration into the prevalence and experience of neurodiversity among staff at a UK high‐secure psychiatric hospital

探索英国高度安全精神病院员工中神经多样性的流行情况与体验

Abstract Background Studies of mattering and delinquency among young people have, to date, focused solely on whether teenagers think that they matter to each other. No one has yet examined the extent to which young people think that they matter to society generally and how this relates to delinquency. Aims To explore relationships between young peoples' sense of being of value to society and their delinquent intentions. First, we tested relationships between such ‘societal mattering’ scores and delinquent intentions; secondly, we tested self‐rated attitudes towards the criminal justice system and associating with delinquent peers as possible mediators of any relationship. Methods Four hundred and twenty‐eight 10‐ to 21‐year‐olds were recruited by social media, flyers or in one school in France. They were asked to complete a schedule online, in private, first rating themselves on a five‐point Likert scale according to the statement ‘I feel like I matter in society’. They were then asked to rate the frequency and variety of their own delinquency and delinquent intentions, then the extent to which they related to peers with positive or negative attitudes towards the law and its representatives and their own attitudes towards the criminal justice system. Results Under one in three of these young people felt that they mattered in society. Regression analyses showed that lower sense of such mattering was associated with delinquent intentions, even after controlling for own past delinquency, age and gender. Peers' attitudes and personal attitudes towards the justice system partially mediated this link. Conclusion Our findings add to literature on sense of place in society and criminal behaviours by showing, for the first time, that a sense of not mattering in society, or mattering little, is likely to be associated with delinquency. Although we recommend extending this study to international, population‐based samples, we suggest school and community initiatives to ensure that young people do feel valued by society, which may contribute to community safety.

Mael Virat

Gordon Flett

Lisa Massez

Nathalie Przygodzki‐Lionet

Low sense of mattering in society and delinquency among young people: An initial investigation

年轻人社会归属感低与不良行为：初步研究

Abbreviation	Criminal Behav Ment Health
Journal Impact	1.02
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHIATRY(Q4)

ISSN	0957-9664, 1471-2857
h-index	62

Publication Information	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1992，Proportion of original research papers: 93.33%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 32.58%

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health

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Exploration of a virtual reality exercise to help train police with responding to mental health crises in the community

Addiction behind bars: Swiss symposium insights

Exploration of a virtual reality exercise to help train police with responding to mental health crises in the community

Barriers to discharge: A retrospective study of factors associated with stays of longer than 2 years in a French secure hospital unit

An exploration into the prevalence and experience of neurodiversity among staff at a UK high‐secure psychiatric hospital

Low sense of mattering in society and delinquency among young people: An initial investigation