Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology

1. Treatment of rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) after pretreatment with protriptyline failed to produce any significant effect on body weight despite a marked depletion in forebrain serotonin (5-HT) and no effect on norepinephrine content. 2. These findings conflict with previous reports in the literature suggesting marked enhancement in body weight following selective 5-HT depletion with 5,7-DHT and raise questions concerning the role of 5-HT in the regulation of body weight.

L.A. Baez

R.A. Browning

M. Cusatis

Evaluation of body weight changes after selective serotonin depletion with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine

5,7-二羟色胺选择性耗竭后体重变化的评估

1. Evidence on the participation of cerebroside sulfate, an acidic glycolipid, in the structure and function of opiate receptors is reviewed and found to be somewhat contradictory. Some studies suggest that cerebroside sulfate is intimately involved in physiologically relevant opiate binding, while others suggest that the glycolipid is neither necessary nor sufficient to account for opiate binding properties. The latter studies favor a proteinaceous binding substance. 2. An hypothesis is put forward to resolve this apparent disagreement. The opiate binding site is proposed to be a stable complex of acidic glycolipid coupled with a basic polypeptide on the order of 20 amino acids in length. Based on their primary and potential higher order structures, it is suggested that the polybasic endorphins (β-endorphin, dynorphin, α-neoendorphin), or derivatives of these compounds formed by limited N-terminal degradation, are likely candidates as opiate receptor components.

Stephen G. Dennis

Peptides, opiate receptors, and cerebroside sulfate: An hypothesis

肽、阿片受体与脑硫脂：一种假说

1. In several double-blind placebo-controlled studies the encephalotropic and pharmacodynamic properties of antihypoxidotics and nootropics such as dihydroergotoxine, nicergoline, Instenon forte (a hexobendine-combination), cinnarizine, isoxsuprine, pirazetam and etirazetam- a new pirazetam analogue — were investigated by means of quantitative EEG analysis in normal young and geriatric subjects. 2. Power pectral density analysis of the EEG demonstrated after the ergot alkaloids HydergineR and nicergoline as well as after Instenon forte statistically significant changes as compared with placebo. The latter were characterized by an increase in alpha and slow beta activity as well as by a decrease in delta and theta activity, which indicates an increase in vigilance. 3. Pirazetam and the new pirazetam analogue etirazetam — produced a significant increase in beta activity as well, while alpha activity was augmented or attenuated according to the given dosage. After chronic administration of UCB 6474 and especially after high doses, an increase in theta activity was observed. Psychometric tests showed also activating qualities in low doses and slight sedative properties in high doses. 4. Cinnarizine and isoxsuprine produced in the R-EEG different alterations typified by an increase of slow and decrease of fast waves. 5. Time-efficacy and dose-efficacy relationships in various EEG parameters give valuable information about the pharmacodynamics of such substances in man already at an early stage of drug development.

Bernd Saletu

Josef Grünberger

Antihypoxidotic and nootropic drugs: proof of their encephalotropic and pharmacodynamic properties by quantitative EEG investigations

抗过氧化和益智药物：通过定量脑电图研究证明其亲脑和药效动力学特性

Abstract 1. 1. Among the many classifications of psychoactive drugs, the quantitative EEG system is both objective and useful. 2. 2. The measurement of EEG frequency, amplitude, variability, and pattern provides a basis to classify established psychoactive drugs, to assess new drugs, and to estimate their pharmacodynamics. 3. 3. The EEG system is based on a theory of association of EEG and behavior after psychoactive drugs; it is reliable and reproducible; and numerous laboratories carry out the analyses. 4. 4. The relative independence of EEG systems from intuition makes it the most objective psycho-active drug classification system available.

Max Fink

An objective classification of psychoactive drugs

精神活性药物的客观分类

1. A short critical review of the role of serotonin in predatory attack is given. 2. Among factors determining the degree and type of psychopharmacological involvement are: species, drug, and dependent behavioral measure chosen as a representative index of predation. 3. One factor which may limit the actual involvement of serotonin is response non-specificity, i.e. the generalized disinhibition of behavior which is present after reductions in brain levels of this amine. 4. New data are presented concerning response specificity in two models of predation indicating this may pose an actual problem.

Richard J. Katz

Role of serotonergic mechanisms in animal models of predation

动物捕食模型中血清素机制的作用

1. In the light of the relationship between administration schedule and compliance, comparison data between divided dose regimen and one-time daily dosage of antidepressant drugs are reviewed in terms of therapeutic and pharmacokinetic equivalence. 2. Divided (b.i.d.) and single (morning) doses of nomifensine (100–200 mg/die) were studied in patients affected with neurotic depression. Clinical results show that the two regimens do not differentiate as for antidepressant efficacy and safety. 3. Nomifensine findings are compared to those obtained with amitriptyline (50–150 mg) given in three different schedules (three daily doses, single dose at morning, single dose at night).

Domenico De Maio

Mariano Sesso

Alessandro Levi Minzi

Massimo A Caponeri

Carmen Mellado

Michele Bonicalzi

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of single daily doses of antidepressants

单日剂量抗抑郁药物临床疗效评估

1. A specific anti-NAS antibody and fluorescein-labelled second antibody were employed to investigate the topographic distribution of immunoreactive NAS (INAS) in the hindbrain of the rat. 2. Positive identification of INAS was confirmed in the granular layer of the cerebellum, the spinal tract of the fifth cranial nerve and the pontine reticular formation. 3. INAS was also identified in neuronal cell bodies and processes of Purkinje cells, all cerebellar nuclei, the locus coeruleus and other brain stem regions. 4. The pattern of INAS distribution was found to be different from that of serotonin and melatonin. 5. Overlap of INAS- and NE- containing structures was identified in areas such as cerebellum and locus coeruleus, suggesting the possibility of a functional connection between these substances in some regions.

Olga M. Pulido

Gregory M. Brown

Lee J. Grota

Localization of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) in the rat hindbrain by immunohistology

通过免疫组织化学在大鼠后脑中定位N-乙酰血清素（NAS）

1. All of the most commonly used antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, ethanol) selectively enhance GABA-mediated neurotransmission. 2. The degree of GABA-potentiation produced by benzodiazepines correlates well with their relative affinities for the benzodiazepine receptor. 3. Repetitive stimulation of the recurrent inhibitory GABAergic pathway in rat hippocampus leads to a remarkable reduction of the effectiveness of GABA; this “disinhibition” is counteracted by antianxiety drugs. 4. A neurophysiological model is proposed, conceptualizing anxiety as the by-product of hypervigilance occurring in frequencies higher than those that the GABAergic system can accommodate, before “fading” or “desensitization” occurs.

Joannis N. Nestoros

Anxiety as a state of diminished gabaergic neurotransmission resulting from too frequent recruitment of gabaergic neurons: A neurophysiological model

焦虑作为一种由GABA能神经元过度招募导致的GABA能神经传递减弱的状态：一种神经生理学模型

1. Rats were treated for 21 days with haloperidol (2mg/kg/day) and prolactin levels were measured serially. The increase in prolactin was obvious throughout the treatment and was even more prominent after repeated injections. 2. Immunoreactive β-endorphin levels were increased in the pituitary, whereas decreased in N. accumbens in rats chronically treated with haloperidol. The opiate receptor binding in the striatum showed no change in treated rats as compared with controls. 3. The present study suggests that 1) tolerance does not develop in prolactin-increasing action of haloperidol; 2) dopamine receptors have a role in the control of immunoreactive β-endorphin in some brain areas; 3) the various dopaminergic pathways in the brain respond differently to chronic treatment with haloperidol in terms of immunoreactive β-endorphin regulation.

Nobumasa Kato

Kanhaiya R. Shah

Henry G. Friesen

Viktor Havlicek

Effect of chronic treatment with haloperidol on serum prolactin, striatal opiate receptors and β-endorphin content in rat brain and pituitary

慢性使用氟哌啶醇对大鼠血清催乳素、纹状体阿片受体及脑和垂体β-内啡肽含量的影响

1. First, the authors present a brief outline of the concepts of anxiety, fear and phobia and their physiological concomitants. 2. Experimental findings are then presented showing that the emotional state of anxiety is generally linked to physiological activation as measured in spontaneous fluctuations and habituation rate of the orienting response of the galvanic skin response (GSR). 3. Other findings show that on the contrary, depression is linked to inhibition or disactivation of these systems, and also of contingent negative variations (CNV). 4. In unselected samples of anxious-depressed patients, the above relationships do not become obvious when psychopathology is self-rated, which suggests that anxiety and depression are better distinguished by the examining physician than by the patients themselves.

Hans Heimann

Henner Giedke

Psychophysiology of anxiety, fear and phobia

焦虑、恐惧和恐惧症的心理生理学

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier B.V.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1977，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology

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