NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW 的目标是为神经外科当前问题的全面审查提供一个论坛。每期最多包含三篇评论，反映一个主题（疾病或手术方法）的所有重要方面。专家小组在同一问题中的评论完善了该主题。通过每期提供一个主题的全面报道，NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW 将专业期刊的话题性与专着的深入处理相结合。也欢迎高质量的原创论文。

The goal of Neurosurgical Review is to provide a forum for a comprehensive review of current issues in neurosurgery. Each issue contains up to three reviews that cover all important aspects of a specific topic (such as a disease or surgical method). The comments from a panel of experts further enhance the discussion on the topic. By providing a thorough report on a single theme in each issue, Neurosurgical Review combines the topicality of a professional journal with the in-depth treatment of a monograph. High-quality original papers are also welcome.

《Neurosurgical Review》的目标是为神经外科领域的当前问题提供一个全面审查的论坛。每期最多包含三篇评论，涵盖一个特定主题（如疾病或手术方法）的所有重要方面。专家小组的评论将进一步完善该主题。通过每期提供一个主题的全面报道，《Neurosurgical Review》将专业期刊的广泛性与专著的深入分析相结合。同时，我们也欢迎高质量的原创论文。

Neurosurgical Review

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective and safe treatment option that offers the prospect of definitive cure for hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, there are potential risks of complications for MVD associated with retromastoid suboccipital craniectomy (RmSOC) and cranial nerves in particular. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of possible complications after MVD for HFS and to establish appropriate management concept of these complications. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 2040 patients who underwent RmSOC with MVD for HFS at Samsung medical center between January 1998 and March 2013. Of 2040 patients, 2027 were followed (99.4%). Of the 2027 patients, 1841 (90.8%) exhibited complete relief or minimal symptoms, and 113 (5.6%) reported improved spasm but had mild remnant symptoms. After operation, the most frequently developed complications were facial nerve palsy (8.19%), followed by middle ear effusion (4.90%) and hearing loss (3.63%). There were two cases of supratentorial subdural hemorrhage, three cases of infarction. MVD was found to be safe and effective treatment for HFS, in consistent with previous reports. Some of the complications such as facial nerve palsy, middle ear effusion, and hearing loss are relatively common. However, they have mild clinical courses that are usually transient.

Min Ho Lee

Tae Keun Jee

Jeong Ah Lee

Kwan Park

Neurosurgical review

Neurosurg Rev

Postoperative complications of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: lessons from experience of 2040 cases.

The lateral spread response (LSR) on preoperative facial electromyogram (EMG) is a useful tool in evaluating patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). There may be some instances where the LSR does not appear on the preoperative EMG, thus disrupting the diagnosis and treatment of HFS. In this study, we evaluated the patients who did not exhibit LSR on preoperative EMG but underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm. We searched for patients who underwent MVD for HFS but had an absence of LSR on preoperative EMG between January 2016 and June 2018. Surgical outcomes were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Follow-up facial EMG was performed 3 months after surgery. Results were divided into two categories: (1) spasm relief within 24 h of surgery and (2) spasm was observed immediately post-operation. The following parameters were analyzed when comparing between the two groups: age, sex, affected side, duration of symptoms, and offending vessel(s). A total of 306 patients underwent MVD for HFS during the study period. Among them, 13 (4.2%) patients had no LSR on preoperative EMG. Eight patients (61.5%) were female and five patients were male. The 13 patients had a mean age of 51 years. All patients exhibited probable offending vessels in the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial nerve on preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that was confirmed during surgery. Seven patients were free of HFS immediately after surgery, though six patients were not. Only one (7.7%) patient had persisted symptom 6 months after surgery. No patients experienced recurrence of spasm, nor exhibited abnormal waves on follow-up facial EMG. LSR on facial EMG is a valuable tool for evaluating hemifacial spasm. However, although LSR did not appear on preoperative EMG, if the patient presents with typical symptoms and the offending vessels are identified on MRI, we expect good results after MVD for HFS.

Chang Kyu Park

Seung Hoon Lim

Seung Hwan Lee

Bong Jin Park

Is the pre-operative lateral spread response on facial electromyography a valid diagnostic tool for hemifacial spasm?

When early lateral spread response (LSR) loss before decompression in HFS surgery happens, the value of intraoperative monitoring of LSR for locating neurovascular conflicts and confirming adequate decompression was considered to be reduced. This study aimed to identify preoperative parameters predicting early LSR loss and figure out the impact of early LSR loss on prognosis. Hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients who received microvascular decompression (MVD) under intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring during the period of March 2013-January 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the disappearance of their LSR before or after decompression. Preoperative clinical and radiological predictors for early LSR loss were evaluated using logistic regression. The relationship between early LSR loss and surgical outcomes was statistically analyzed. A total of 523 patients were included in the study, and the disappearance of their LSR before decompression occurred in 129 patients. In the multivariate analysis, three independent factors predicting early LSR loss were identified: (1) smaller vessel compression; (2) milder nerve deviation; (3) lower posterior fossa crowdedness index (PFCI, calculated as hindbrain volume (HBV)/the posterior fossa volume (PFV) using 3D Slicer software). The median follow-up time was about five years, and no significant differences in the spasm relief and complication rates were found between the 2 groups. Smaller responsible vessels, milder nerve deviation, and more spacious posterior cranial fossa are associated with early LSR loss. However, early LSR loss seems to have no significant adverse effect on MVD outcomes in skilled hands.

Songshan Chai

Ji Wu

Yuankun Cai

Jingwei Zhao

Zhimin Mei

Yixuan Zhou

Yihao Wang

Hao Xu

Jiabin Zhou

Nanxiang Xiong

Early lateral spread response loss during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: its preoperative predictive factors and impact on surgical outcomes.

微血管减压治疗面肌痉挛早期侧向扩散反应丧失：其术前预测因素及对手术结果的影响。

Mayur Wanjari

Gaurav Mittal

Roshan Prasad

The future of neuromodulation: innovations and challenges in deep brain stimulation.

神经调控的未来：深部脑刺激的创新与挑战

Coagulopathy development in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the significant complications that can negatively affect the clinical course and outcome of TBI patients. Timely identification of this complication is of utmost importance in the acute clinical setting. We reviewed TBI patients admitted to our trauma center from 2015 to 2021. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, findings on admission, imaging studies, procedures during hospitalization, and functional outcomes were gathered. INR with a cutoff of 1.3, platelet count less than 100 × 10⁹/L, or partial thromboplastin time greater than 40s were utilized as the markers of coagulopathy. A total of 4002 patients were included. Coagulopathy occurred in 38.1% of the patients. Age of the patients (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.993, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.986-0.999, p = 0.028), systolic blood pressure (OR = 0.993, 95% CI = 0.989-0.998, p = 0.005), fibrinogen level (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.996-0.999, p < 0.001), and hemoglobin level (OR = 0.886, 95% CI = 0.839-0.936, p < 0.001) were independently associated with coagulopathy. Furthermore, coagulopathy was independently associated with higher mortality rates and longer ICU stays. Coagulopathy had the most substantial effect on mortality of TBI patients (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.1-3.3, p < 0.001), compared to other admission clinical characteristics independently associated with mortality such as fixed pupillary light reflex (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5-2.4, p < 0.001), GCS (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88-0.94, p < 0.001), and hemoglobin level (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.98, p = 0.004). Early coagulopathy in TBI patients can lead to higher mortality rates. Future studies are needed to prove that early detection and correction of coagulopathy and modifiable risk factors may help improve outcomes of TBI patients.

Sina Zoghi

Ali Ansari

Tej D Azad

Amin Niakan

Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh

Reza Taheri

Hosseinali Khalili

Early hypocoagulable state in traumatic brain injury patients: incidence, predisposing factors, and outcomes in a retrospective cohort study.

Abstract Posterior fossa extradural hematoma (PFEDH) is rare but has a greater incidence amongst children. It is also associated with a rapid deterioration. The aim of this study was to present the management of PFEDH through our institutional experience and a meta-analysis. A retrospective single institution review of all children from 2004 to 2024 who underwent craniotomy for PFEDH was undertaken. The collected variables included: demographics, type of trauma, clinical findings, computed tomography findings, and clinical course. A systematic review using Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and meta-analysis were performed. Nineteen children with PFEDH who underwent surgery were identified. All 19 (100%) patients benefited from good Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score 4–5, and there were no incidences of in-hospital mortality. From the systematic review, 391 patients, across twenty-four studies and our series, were included. A total of 308 were treated with surgery, whereas 83 patients were treated conservatively. A comparative meta-analysis was not performed as the two groups were deemed too heterogeneous in clinical characteristics. Instead, single-arm meta-analyses were performed. The pooled incidence of patients initially under conservative management requiring surgery was 9.90% (95%CI 1.61;22.21%, I 2 = 35.2). The incidence of good functional outcomes in patients managed surgically and conservatively were 93.68% (95%CI: 88.69;97.57%, I 2 = 0.0%), and 99.99% (95%CI: 96.53;100%, I 2 = 0.0%), respectively. Overall pooled of mortality in patients managed surgically and conservatively were 0.57% (95%CI: 0.00;2.87%, I 2 = 0.0%) and 0.00% (95%CI: 0.00;1.18%, I 2 = 0.0%). Overall, our study reiterates that pediatric PFEDH is uncommon, and patients often present atypically. Based on our institutional experience and extrapolating data from our meta-analysis of the wider literature, neurosurgical intervention is a reliable therapeutic option with good clinical outcomes.

Keng Siang Lee

Shi Hui Ong

Conor S Gillespie

Lee Ping Ng

Wan Tew Seow

Sharon YY Low

Traumatic posterior fossa extradural hematoma in children: a meta-analysis and institutional experience of its clinical course, treatment and outcomes

儿童创伤性后颅窝硬膜外血肿：临床过程、治疗及预后的Meta分析与机构经验

Fernando Cotrim Gomes

Felipe Takamori Oliveira

Diego Dias Freire Carvalho

Flávia Baldotto Zampirolo

Antônio Gaudi Pinheiro Vorcaro Garcia

Anna Laura Lima Larcipretti

Alice Campos Meneses

Isabella Cristina Santos de Castro

Marcio Yuri Ferreira

Dan Zimelewicz Oberman

Allan Dias Polverini

João Paulo Almeida

Robot-assisted versus manually guided stereotactic biopsy for intracranial lesions - a systematic review and meta-analysis

机器人辅助与手动引导立体定向活检治疗颅内病变的系统评价与Meta分析

Maoyang Qi

Yueqi Du

Boyan Zhang

Hongfeng Meng

Tianyu Jin

Zong Xin

Can Zhang

Jialu Wang

Jiaxing Yu

Xuesong Bai

Wanru Duan

Zan Chen

Clinical features and outcomes of basilar invagination

基底凹陷的临床特征与预后

Percutaneous balloon ganglyolysis (PBG) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an inexpensive and minimally invasive treatment modality that is effective and safe. While there are reports of its efficacy, there is still a lack of evidence of which patients are at a higher risk of treatment failures and needing retreatment. We performed a retrospective study at a major academic institution from 2012 to 2023, including TN patients who underwent PBG procedures to evaluate predictors of retreatment. Patients without imaging available from the PBG were excluded. Fifty-two patients who underwent 83 procedures in total were included in the analysis. All patients had typical TN and were primarily female (59.6%), with a median age of 61.5 years. Immediately after PBG, 42.3% had pain resolution, and 57.7% had improved but persistent pain. 30.8% underwent retreatment with PBG in a median of 32 months. From multiple factors assessed, TN disease duration ≤ 6 months and trigeminal nerve enhancement on pre-operative MRI were identified as significant retreatment predictors on univariate analysis. However, after performing logistic regression, only TN disease duration ≤ 6 months remained significant OR 3.99 (95% CI 1.59–10.0; p = 0.003). This was further confirmed in a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, which showed that patients with TN duration ≤ 6 months require retreatment earlier (22 vs. 41 months; p = 0.01). Retreatment after PBG occurs roughly in a third of patients, and TN disease duration of ≤ 6 months is an important predictor in this study. Further studies should be performed to confirm these findings, which may impact treatment considerations in the future.

Daniel Sconzo

Alejandro Enriquez-Marulanda

Ekin Simwatachela

Thai Vu

Bindu Setty

Sakai Osamu

Ahmed El-Araby

James Holsapple

Retreatment predictors after percutaneous balloon gangliolysis for trigeminal neuralgia

经皮球囊神经松解术后三叉神经痛再治疗的预测因素

Chorea is a clinical sign characterized by involuntary, rapid, unpredictable, and irregular muscle movements that can affect various parts of the body. It can be seen in various medical conditions, both neurological and systemic, of genetic and acquired etiology. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) has been used to treat various types of chorea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of GPi DBS for chorea in pediatric patients.

Arthur R. Kurzbuch

Ben Cooper

Gina Lumsdon

Nicola Idowu

Helen Gedrim

Philipa Mulholland

Volker Tronnier

Ram Kumar

Jonathan R. Ellenbogen

Bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of globus pallidus internus (GPi) for the treatment of benign hereditary chorea and other childhood onset choreas: a single-center experience

双侧苍白球内侧部深部脑刺激（DBS）治疗良性遗传性舞蹈病及其他儿童期起病舞蹈病的单中心经验

Abbreviation	Neurosurg Rev
Journal Impact	2.49
Quartiles(Global)	SURGERY(Q1)

ISSN	0344-5607, 1437-2320
h-index	74

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1978，Proportion of original research papers: 59.49%，Self Citation Rate:4.00%， Gold OA Rate: 25.91%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,6-12周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易

Neurosurgical Review

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