RMJ is a general Medicine publication and accepts oorigial articles, editorials, case reports and commentaries. It aims to dessiminate medical knowldge to professional community.

Rawal Medical Journal (RMJ) is a general medicine publication that accepts original articles, editorials, case reports, and commentaries. The journal aims to disseminate medical knowledge to the professional community.

Rawal Medical Journal（RMJ）是一本综合医学期刊，接受原创文章、社论、病例报告和评论。期刊旨在向专业社区传播医学知识。

Rawal Medical Journal

Objective: To identify the attitude and practice of mothers of asthmatic children concerning their use of inhalers. Methodology: This Quasi experimental study collected data from August 2019 to February 2020 and included 248 mothers of asthmatic children. An interview questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed through the SPSS 23 program. Results: The total number of caregivers and their children were 248 with male to female ratio of 1.5: 1. Out of 248 caregivers, 200 (80.6%) had never used a spacer for their children before; whereas 48 (19.4%) had used it and had received training about its use. Ninety (36.3%) out of 248 children had been hospitalized three times per year. Proper use of salbutamol by spacers after the intervention training program led to significant improvement of asthma management in children with moderate asthma attacks, with reduction in hospital admissions and frequency of emergency room visits. Conclusion: There is need for educational program for mother with asthmatic children and the education needs to include demonstration about use of spacer inhaler device.

Asia Ahmed

Abdelmoniem Hamid

Outcome of educating Asthmatic children’s caregivers about proper use of inhaler device

哮喘儿童照护者接受吸入器正确使用教育后的效果

Objective: To determine the knowledge and practices regarding Swine flu among residents of union council Sultankay, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Union Council Sultankay, Lahore from 21st June, 2021 to 21st Dec, 2021. A sample size of 271 was calculated by WHO. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and prevention practices for swine flu. Post stratification chi- square test was used taking p value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: There was a significant association (p≤0.05) between the level of knowledge of respondents and their age, gender, educational and employment status. Conclusion: Knowledge about availability of vaccine against swine flu was very poor in our study.

Laila Afzal

Amna Butt

Ammara Riaz

Rabia Younus

Rabiah Mahwish

Knowledge and practices regarding Swine flu among residents of union council Sultankay, Lahore, Pakistan

巴基斯坦拉合尔市苏丹凯伊联合委员会居民对猪流感相关知识和实践的了解情况

Objective: To asses prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved 70 participants selected through convenience sampling at a medical city complex from January to June 2024. Data collected included age, weight, height, FBS, handgrip strength, calf and mid-arm circumferences, and skeletal muscle mass (SMM), with standardized measurements taken. SMM was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and BMI was calculated using WHO classification. Results: There were significant gender differences, with males showing higher handgrip strength and SMM compared to females. Age did not significantly affect most health parameters except for SMM, which was higher in younger age groups. BMI strongly influenced calf and mid-arm circumference and skeletal muscle mass, but had no significant impact on fasting blood sugar or handgrip strength. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gender differences in muscle mass and strength, consistent with the age-related decline in muscle mass. It also showed a positive correlation between BMI and muscle mass, though some variables lacked significant differences. The findings emphasize the need for targeted sarcopenia screening and interventions.

Asseel Tawfeeq

Waleed Ali

Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus type II

2型糖尿病患者中肌少症的患病率

Objective: To explore lived experiences of type 2 diabetes patients in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Methodology: This descriptive phenomenology study recruited seven participants at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital through purposive sampling. Data were collected from April to June 2021 by in-depth interviews using a voice recorder and analyzed according to Colaizzi method. Results: There were four main themes and nine theme clusters, including having complications (in the eyes, heart, as well as brain and nerves), emotional responses (psychological stress, and unstable emotions), changes in dietary patterns (setting a healthy diet, and feeling sad about changing diet pattern), and changes in activity patterns (start exercising, and reduce energy expenditure). Conclusion: Participants experienced difficulties in adapting to a new lifestyle that targeted type 2 diabetes treatment. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide support for effective lifestyle changes.

Mula Tarigan

Mutiara Wira

Kessarawan Nilvarangkul

Lived experiences of type 2 diabetes patients in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia: A phenomenology study

印度尼西亚北苏门答腊省2型糖尿病患者的生存体验：一项现象学研究

Objective: To analyze the primary headache type, medical treatments initiated, and imaging characteristics of patients referred to neurology outpatient clinics from the emergency department. Methodology: Patients referred to neurology outpatient clinics from the emergency department between January 2014 and January 2024 were included in the study. Demographic data and case information were obtained from the hospital database. Results: The study included 6940 primary headache patients. Of the patients included in the study, 4164 (60%) were female and 2776 (40%) male. The mean age was 36.02±15.21 years. The most common headache in female patients was migraine, and in male patients, it was a tension-type headache. The proportions of patients who underwent one, two, three, or more cranial imaging procedures in the emergency department within 10 years were 20%, 35%, and 45%, respectively. Eletriptan was the most used drug in the treatment of migraine attacks in 37.8%, Amitriptyline was used in 32.8% of patients for migraine prophylaxis and duloxetine was used in 31.1% of patients for tension-type headaches. Conclusion: The management of primary headaches remains a challenge for primary care physicians. In a patient with severe pain, both medical history and neurologic examination are time-consuming. Considering the patient density and fast pace of work in the emergency department, misdiagnosis and analgesic treatments administered at every emergency department visit without considering the patient's past information delays the prophylactic treatment process in primary headaches and make treatment difficult.

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	0.48
Quartiles(Global)	MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL(Q3)

ISSN	0303-5212
h-index	14

Publication Information	Publisher: Pakistan Medical Association，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2008，Proportion of original research papers: 98.62%，Self Citation Rate:25.00%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Rawal Medical Journal

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Outcome of educating Asthmatic children’s caregivers about proper use of inhaler device

Knowledge and practices regarding Swine flu among residents of union council Sultankay, Lahore, Pakistan

Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus type II

Lived experiences of type 2 diabetes patients in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia: A phenomenology study

A retrospective analysis of primary headache management from emergency departments to neurology clinics

Outcome of educating Asthmatic children’s caregivers about proper use of inhaler device

Knowledge and practices regarding Swine flu among residents of union council Sultankay, Lahore, Pakistan

Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus type II

Lived experiences of type 2 diabetes patients in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia: A phenomenology study

A retrospective analysis of primary headache management from emergency departments to neurology clinics