THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS 在现代植物遗传学、植物基因组学和植物生物技术的所有关键领域发表原创研究和评论文章。所有工作都需要有明确的遗传成分并对植物育种产生重大影响。只有结合新的实验数据和/或如果它们表明在植物遗传学或育种中的相关应用，理论考虑才被接受。该杂志强调实用性，侧重于对主要作物植物的研究和介绍创新方法的文章。

The journal "Theoretical And Applied Genetics" publishes original research and review articles in all key areas of modern plant genetics, plant genomics, and plant biotechnology. All work must have a clear genetic component and make a significant impact on plant breeding. Theoretical considerations are only accepted when combined with new experimental data and/or when they demonstrate relevant applications in plant genetics or breeding. The journal emphasizes practicality, focusing on research on major crop plants and articles introducing innovative methods.

《Theoretical And Applied Genetics》期刊发表现代植物遗传学、植物基因组学和植物生物技术领域的原创研究和评论文章。所有的研究工作都必须具有明确的遗传成分，并对植物育种产生显著影响。理论性的研究只有在结合新的实验数据，或在植物遗传学或育种中具有相关应用时，才会被接受。该期刊强调实用性，重点关注主要作物植物的研究以及介绍创新方法的文章。

Theoretical And Applied Genetics

The R10 and R11 late blight differentials of Black (tetraploid clones 3681ad1 and 5008ab6) were crossed with the susceptible potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar Maris Piper and the progeny were assessed for blight resistance in a whole plant glasshouse test using race 1,2,3,4,6,7 of Phytophthora infestans. The disease scores for the R10 population displayed a continuous distribution whereas the progeny in the R11 population could be categorised as resistant or susceptible. A bulk segregant analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism assays was done on the ten most resistant and ten most susceptible progeny in each population and two closely linked markers were found to be associated with resistance. R11 mapped to 8.5 cM from marker PAG/MAAG_172.3 and R10 mapped as a quantitative trait locus in which marker PAC/MATC_264.1 explained 56.9% of the variation in disease scores. The results were consistent with R10 and R11 being allelic versions of genes at the R3 locus on chromosome 11. The implications are discussed for mapping R-genes which fail to give complete immunity to a pathogen.

John E Bradshaw

Glenn J Bryan

Alison K Lees

Karen McLean

Ruth M Solomon-Blackburn

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

Theor Appl Genet

Mapping the R10 and R11 genes for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) present in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) R-gene differentials of black.

Abstract Flowering time synchronizes reproductive development with favorable environmental conditions to optimize yield. Improved understanding of the genetic control of flowering will help optimize varietal adaptation to future agricultural systems under climate change. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of flowering time in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) using an eight-founder multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population. Flowering time data was collected from field trials across six growing seasons in the United Kingdom, followed by genetic analysis using a combination of linear modelling, simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping, using either single markers or founder haplotype probabilities. We detected 57 quantitative trait loci (QTL) across three growth stages linked to flowering time, of which 17 QTL were identified only when the major photoperiod response locus Ppd-D1 was included as a covariate. Of the 57 loci, ten were identified using all genetic mapping approaches and classified as ‘major’ QTL, including homoeologous loci on chromosomes 1B and 1D, and 4A and 4B. Additional Earliness per se flowering time QTL were identified, along with growth stage- and year-specific effects. Furthermore, six of the main-effect QTL were found to interact epistatically with Ppd-D1 . Finally, we exploited residual heterozygosity in the MAGIC recombinant inbred lines to Mendelize the Earliness per se QTL QFt.niab-5A.03 , which was confirmed to modulate flowering time by at least four days. This work provides detailed understanding of the genetic control of phenological variation within varieties relevant to the north-western European wheat genepool, aiding informed manipulation of flowering time in wheat breeding.

Laure Fourquet

Tobias Barber

Camila Campos-Mantello

Phil Howell

Beata Orman-Ligeza

Lawrence Percival-Alwyn

Gemma A. Rose

Hester Sheehan

Tally I. C. Wright

Friedrich Longin

Tobias Würschum

Dario Novoselovic

Andy J. Greenland

Ian J. Mackay

James Cockram

Alison R. Bentley

Theoretical and Applied Genetics

An eight-founder wheat MAGIC population allows fine-mapping of flowering time loci and provides novel insights into the genetic control of flowering time

八亲本小麦MAGIC群体实现开花时间位点的精细定位，并提供关于开花时间遗传控制的新见解

An allene oxide cyclase 4, GmAOC4, was determined by GWAS and RT-PCR to be significantly associated with seed germination in soybean, and regulates seed germination by promoting more JA accumulation. The seed germination phase is a critical component of the plant lifecycle, and a better understanding of the mechanism behind seed germination in soybeans is needed. We used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect a GWAS signal on chromosome 18. In this GWAS signal, SNP S18_56189166 was located within the 3'untranslated region of Glyma.18G280900, which encodes allene oxide cyclase 4 (named GmAOC4). Analysis of real-time PCR demonstrated that expression levels of GmAOC4 in the low-germination variety (KF, carrying SNP S18_56189166-T) were higher than in the high-germination variety (NN, carrying SNP S18_56189166-C). In these two varieties, KF showed a higher JA concentration than NN at 0 and 24 h after imbibition. Moreover, the overexpression of GmAOC4 led to an increase in the concentration of jasmonic acid (JA) in soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, it was found that GmAOC4-OE lines showed less seed germination than the wild type (WT) under normal conditions in Arabidopsis. After 7 days of ABA treatment, transgenic lines exhibited lower seed germination and higher expression levels of AtABI5 compared with WT, indicating that the overexpression of GmAOC4 resulted in hypersensitivity to ABA. Our findings demonstrate that GmAOC4, which promotes more JA accumulation, helps to regulate seed germination in soybeans.

Wei Zhang

Wenjing Xu

Songsong Li

Hongmei Zhang

Xiaoqing Liu

Xiaoyan Cui

Li Song

Yuelin Zhu

Xin Chen

Huatao Chen

GmAOC4 modulates seed germination by regulating JA biosynthesis in soybean.

Wide-compatibility (WC) is one of the most important traits in rice, which can overcome the fertility barrier in the indica/japonica hybrids, and hence to make it possible to utilize the higher yield potential of inter-subspecific hybrids. The S5n gene located on chromosome 6 has been previously reported to be responsible for the wide-compatibility in rice. Here we report the precise location of the S5n gene. In the first-pass mapping, the S5n gene was restricted within a 200 kb region by using a population of 242 isogenic lines in combination with high-density markers developed in the S5 region. In the fine mapping, the S5 region was further saturated with newly developed markers and more isogenic lines (549 in total) were investigated. Eventually, the S5n gene was mapped within a 50 kb region delimited by the left marker J13 and the right marker J17. One BAC clone screened from the BAC library of the WC rice variety 02428 covered the whole S5 region. Sequence analysis of the 50 kb region revealed two candidate genes, coding an aspartyl protease and a hypothetical protein. This result would greatly accelerate both cloning and marker-assisted selection of this important S5n gene.

Qing Ji

Jufei Lu

Qing Chao

Minghong Gu

Mingliang Xu

Delimiting a rice wide-compatibility gene S5n to a 50 kb region.

W. C. Johnson

L. E. Jackson

O. Ochoa

R. van Wijk

J. Peleman

D. A. St. Clair

R. W. Michelmore

Lettuce, a shallow-rooted crop, and Lactuca serriola, its wild progenitor, differ at QTL determining root architecture and deep soil water exploitation

DDP1, encoding a β-Ketoacyl-CoA Synthase, regulates rice anther dehiscence and pollen fertility by affecting the deposition of lipid on anther epidermis and pollen wall. Anther dehiscence and pollen fertility are crucial for male fertility in rice. Here, we studied the function of Defective in Dehiscence and Pollen1 (DDP1), a novel member of the KCS family in rice, in regulating anther dehiscence and pollen fertility. DDP1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein and is ubiquitously expressed in various organs, predominately in the microspores and tapetum. The ddp1 mutant exhibited partial male sterility attributed to defective anther dehiscence and pollen fertility, which was notably distinct from those observed in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice mutants associated with lipid metabolism. Mutations of DDP1 altered the content and composition of wax on anther epidermis and pollen wall, causing abnormalities in their morphology. Moreover, genes implicated in lipid metabolism, pollen development, and anther dehiscence exhibited significantly altered expression levels in the ddp1 mutant. These findings indicate that DDP1 controls anther dehiscence and pollen fertility to ensure normal male development by modulating lipid homeostasis in the tapetum, thereby enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying rice anther dehiscence and pollen fertility.

Yibo Xu

Shixu Zhou

Jingfei Tian

Wenfeng Zhao

Jianxin Wei

Juan He

Wenye Tan

Lianguang Shang

Xinhua He

Rongbai Li

Yongfei Wang

Baoxiang Qin

A β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase encoded by DDP1 controls rice anther dehiscence and pollen fertility by maintaining lipid homeostasis in the tapetum

编码自DDP1的β-酮酰基-CoA合酶通过维持绒毡层脂质稳态调控水稻花药开裂和花粉育性

We derive formulas for the residual donor genome content during trait introgression via recurrent backcrossing and use these formulas to predict (without simulation) residual donor genome content for five future generations. Trait introgression is a common method for introducing valuable genes or alleles into breeding populations and inbred cultivars. The particular breeding scheme is usually designed to maximize the genetic similarity of the converted lines to the recurrent parent while minimizing cost and time to recover the near isogenic lines. Key variables include the number of generations and crosses and how to apply genotyping and selection. One form of trait introgression, which is our focus, involves an initial cross of an elite, homozygous recurrent parent line with a non-recurrent, homozygous donor line. The descendants of this cross are backcrossed with the recurrent parent for several generation before self-pollination in the final generation to recover lines with the alleles of interest. In this paper, we derive analytical formulas that characterize the stochastic nature of residual donor genome content during this form of trait introgression. The development of these formulas expands the mathematical methods one can integrate into breeding design. In particular, we show we can use our formulas in a novel mathematical program to allocate resources to optimize the reduction of residual donor genome content.

Temitayo Ajayi

Jason LaCombe

Güven Ince

Trevor Yeats

Analytical prediction of genetic contribution across multiple recurrent backcrossing generations

多代回交中遗传贡献的分析预测

QTL-seq, linkage mapping, and whole-genome resequencing revealed a new locus (qCLS5.1) controlling Cercospora canescens resistance in mungbean and Receptor-like protein 12 (RLP12) genes as candidate genes for the resistance. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease, caused by Cercospora canescens, is a common disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata). In this study, the genetics of CLS resistance was investigated in a new source of resistance (accession V2817) and the resistance was finely mapped to identify candidate genes. F2 and F2:3 populations of the cross V1197 (susceptible) × V2718 and a BC1F1 population of the cross V1197 × (V1197 × V2817) were used in this study. Segregation analysis suggested that the resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. QTL-seq using F2 individuals revealed that a single QTL (designated qCLS5.1) on chromosome 5 controlled the resistance. The qCLS5.1 was confirmed in the F2:3 and BC1F1 populations by QTL analysis. Fine mapping using 978 F2 individuals localized qCLS5.1 to a 48.94 Kb region containing three tandemly duplicated Receptor-like protein 12 (RLP12) genes. Whole-genome resequencing and alignment of V1197 and V2817 revealed polymorphisms causing amino acid changes and premature stop codons in the three RLP12 genes. Collectively, these results show that qCLS5.1 is a new locus for CLS resistance in mungbean, and a cluster of RLP12 genes are candidate genes for the resistance. The new locus qCLS5.1 will be useful for molecular breeding of durable CLS-resistant mungbean cultivars.

Makawan Srichan

Kularb Laosatit

Yun Lin

Xingxing Yuan

Prakit Somta

QTL-seq and QTL mapping identify a new locus for Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens) resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata) and a cluster of Receptor-like protein 12 (RLP12) genes as candidate genes for the resistance

QTL-seq和QTL定位在绿豆（Vigna radiata）中鉴定出新的尾孢叶斑病（Cercospora canescens）抗性位点，并将受体样蛋白12（RLP12）基因簇作为抗性候选基因

A powdery mildew (Pm) resistance locus PmRc1 was identified and transferred from Roegneria ciliaris into wheat. Two compensative translocation lines carrying PmRc1 were developed. Powdery mildew (Pm), caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt), is a global destructive disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Identifying and utilizing new Pm resistance gene(s) is the most fundamental work for disease control. Roegneria ciliaris (2n = 4 x= 28, genome ScScYcYc) is a wild relative species of cultivated wheat. In this work, we evaluated wheat-R. ciliaris disomic chromosome addition lines for Pm resistance in multiple years. The introduction of R. ciliaris chromosome 1Sc into wheat enhanced resistance. The resistance locus on 1Sc was designated as PmRc1. To cytologically map PmRc1, we induced structural rearrangements using ion irradiation and increasing homoeologous chromosomal recombination. The identified 43 1Sc translocation or deletion lines were used to construct 1Sc cytological bin map by marker analysis using 111 molecular markers. Based on the Pm resistance of the characterized structural rearrangement lines, the PmRc1 locus was cytologically mapped to bin 1ScS-8 of 1Sc short arm, flanked by markers CMH93-2 and CMH114-1. Two compensatory chromosomal translocation lines (T1ScS · 1BL and T1ScS-1AS · 1AL) carrying PmRc1 were developed and assessed for their agronomic traits. Translocation chromosome T1ScS · 1BL had enhanced Pm resistance accompanied by negative effects on grain number and single plant yield. Translocation chromosome T1ScS-1AS · 1AL had enhanced Pm resistance and increased spikelet number per spike, without any obvious negative effect on other tested traits. Thus, T1ScS-1AS · 1AL is recommended preferentially used in wheat breeding for Pm resistance.

Menghao Cheng

Huajian Zhang

Yao Zhang

Xiong Tang

Zongkuan Wang

Xu Zhang

Xinying Song

Xingyue Li

Huimin Cui

Tong Wang

Rongrong Song

Jin Xiao

Haiyan Wang

Xiue Wang

Cytological mapping of a powdery mildew resistance locus PmRc1 based on wheat-Roegneria ciliaris structural rearrangement library

基于小麦-鹅观草结构重排文库的白粉病抗性位点PmRc1的细胞学定位

Abbreviation	Theoret. Appl. Genetics
Journal Impact	4.44
Quartiles(Global)	PLANT SCIENCES(Q1)

ISSN	0040-5752, 1432-2242
h-index	200
Top Journals	Yes

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Verlag，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1968，Proportion of original research papers: 90.79%，Self Citation Rate:9.10%， Gold OA Rate: 29.91%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均3.0个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约75%

Theoretical And Applied Genetics

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Mapping the R10 and R11 genes for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) present in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) R-gene differentials of black.

An eight-founder wheat MAGIC population allows fine-mapping of flowering time loci and provides novel insights into the genetic control of flowering time

GmAOC4 modulates seed germination by regulating JA biosynthesis in soybean.

Delimiting a rice wide-compatibility gene S5n to a 50 kb region.

Lettuce, a shallow-rooted crop, and Lactuca serriola, its wild progenitor, differ at QTL determining root architecture and deep soil water exploitation

A β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase encoded by DDP1 controls rice anther dehiscence and pollen fertility by maintaining lipid homeostasis in the tapetum

Analytical prediction of genetic contribution across multiple recurrent backcrossing generations

QTL-seq and QTL mapping identify a new locus for Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens) resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata) and a cluster of Receptor-like protein 12 (RLP12) genes as candidate genes for the resistance

An eight-founder wheat MAGIC population allows fine-mapping of flowering time loci and provides novel insights into the genetic control of flowering time

Cytological mapping of a powdery mildew resistance locus PmRc1 based on wheat-Roegneria ciliaris structural rearrangement library