International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology

The eggs of Anastrepha fracterculus, A. sororcula, A. obliqua, A. serpentina and of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) show considerable morphological differences. Differences were also observed in the depth the eggs are inserted into the host fruits. In vivo inspection of the embryos of Anastrepha species showed that they may extrude polar masses of yolk before dorsal closure. In A.fracterculus and A. sororcula, 4 classes of embryos were found : (1) yolk masses at both ends; (2) masses only at the anterior end; (3) just a posterior mass and (4) embryos without any free mass. Only embryos of classes 3 and 4 were found in A. obliqua, while in A. serpentina, all the embryos extruded masses by the posterior end (class 3). There are variations in the frequencies of the classes as well as in the size of the extruded masses. Just before eclosion, the larvae of the Anastrepha species ingest the anterior mass of yolk (when present), turn round inside the egg, suck the posterior extruded mass, and eclose near the posterior-third of the eggs. No masses were present in samples of Ceratitis capitata embryos and the larvae do not present these complex behaviors and eclose near the anterior pole of the egg. The few previous studies on the embryology of other tephritid species did not report similar phenomena. The differences found among the species in relation to the phenomenon of yolk mass extrusion correlate, apparently, to the taxonomic relationship among them, as established before by genetic and morphologic parameters. Additional analyses of other species and genera are required to confirm if yolk mass extrusion is distinctive for the genus Anastrepha.

André Luiz P Perondini

Denise Selivon

João S Morgante

Facultative polar extrusion of yolk masses and of hatching at the posterior egg pole in tephritid fruit flies (Diptera)

果蝇科（双翅目）卵后极卵黄团选择性极化排出及后极孵化

The fine structure of the reproductive accessory gland of the parthenogenetic thrips Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) is reported. It consists of an apical bulb and a fine gland duct. The former consists of an epithelium with secretory and duct-forming cells surrounding a large gland lumen lined with a thin cuticle and filled with dense secretion. Spent secretory cells degenerate and are eliminated from the epithelium. The gland duct is characterized by an irregular, branched lumen surrounded by a very flat epithelium. A valve controls the opening of the duct lumen. The proximal gland duct runs through a cuticular papilla that opens between the dorsal ovipositor valves. The secretions may serve for ovipositor valve lubrication and possibly to protect laid eggs. Observations of serial sections through the vagina exclude the presence of a spermatheca in this species.

Giovanna Del Bene

Vittoria Cavallo

Pietro Lupetti

Romano Dallai

Ultrastructure of the accessory gland in the parthenogenetic thrips heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)

蓟马孤雌生殖种群中附属腺的超微结构研究

INTRODUCTION Reproductive modes are diverse in cockroaches especially with respect to the di}erent kinds of ootheca incubation 0869#[ All species belonging to the family Blaberidae*mostly considered as ovoviviparous or false ovoviviparous*protrude their oothecae and then retract them into an abdominal brood sac 0878#[ Prior to this the ootheca is protruded and rotated so that the keel is reoriented laterally[ In the family several di}erent modalities have derived from this basic mode of retraction and internal incubation[ Either the oothecal membrane disappeared in the Geoscapheinae and separate eggs are retracted into the brood sac true ovoviviparity Rugg andRose 0873# or nutrients are supplied by thematernal brood sac to the embryos in Diploptera punctata vivi! parity Stay and Roth 0847#[ While dissecting the genital parts of the cockroach Gyna capucina Gerstaecker and Gyna henrardi Hanitsch subfamily Gyninae# a third and undescribedmodality* the {{zigzag retraction|| of the ootheca into the brood sac*was discovered[ This paper describes this new modality of ootheca retraction and explores its relation! ships with brood size[ Gyna capucina and G[ henrardi are large and wide! spread species in central Africa Princis 0853#^ they belong to the Gyninae in the ovoviviparous family Blaberidae Grandcolas 0882a 0885#[ The genus Gyna comprises many species distributed mainly in for! ested regions of tropical Africa[ They burrow in dust at the bottom of cavities either in treeholes or in termite nest holes or in the mounds of Driver ant nests Grandcolas 0882b 0883 0886#[ Their reproductive biology has never been studied[ Oothecae ofG[ capucina andG[ henrardiwere observed

Philippe Grandcolas

Pierre Deleporte

Incubation of zigzag-shaped oothecae in some ovoviviparous cockroaches gyna capucina and G. henrardi (Blattaria: Blaberidae)

一些卵胎生蟑螂Gyna capucina和G. henrardi（蜚蠊目：蜚蠊科）中锯齿形卵鞘的孵化

The participation of the Golgi complex—endoplasmic reticulum system during spermiogenesis in 3 species of phytophagous bugs (Acrosternum aseadum, Euchistus heros and Nezara viridula) were analysed at the ultrastructural level, after postfixation with osmium tetroxide\potassium iodide. Intense staining was found in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, Golgi complex, and in a meshwork of tubules scattered throughout the cytoplasm. It is shown that these compartments present a reducing environment. The presence of this kind of staining on the spermatid suggests an important participation of these structures on the differentiation process of this cell.

Adrienne P Fernandes

Guilherme Curi

Sônia N Báo

Contribution of the golgi Complex—Endoplasmic reticulum system during spermiogenesis in three species of phytophagous bugs (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae)

三种植食性蝽象（半翅目：蝽科）精子发生过程中高尔基体-内质网系统的贡献

Sexually dimorphic characteristics of a bilaterally asymmetric gynandromorphic black cutworm moth, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), were compared with those of normal males and females. On one side of the body, the gynandromorphs wings were larger and darker than on the other side, and the antenna was filiform. On the other side of the body, the wings were smaller and lighter in color, and the antenna was pectinate. Females were usually larger and more pigmented than males. Female antenna were filiform and those of males pectinate. At the tip of the abdomen, the gynandromorph had 2 valves, as normal males do, but the one on the female side was smaller. The antennal lobes of the gynandromorphs brain included only ordinary glomeruli on the female side, and ordinary glomeruli plus a partially developed macroglomerular complex (MGC) at the base of the antenna on the male side. Normal female antennal lobes contained only ordinary glomeruli. Normal male antennal lobes contained ordinary glomeruli and a fully developed MGC, consisting of one large and 3 smaller glomeruli. In the gynandromorph, female reproductive organs were partially developed or absent. A portion of the oviduct was missing together with several ovarioles, and no spermatheca or seminal duct were found. The male reproductive track was complete, except for the paired structures, which in the gynandromorph were single. Normal females had paired accessory glands and ovaries, and single oviduct, bursa copulatrix, and spermatheca. Normal males had fused testes, paired accessory glands, and a single ejaculatory duct and aedeagus. The gynandromorph assumed a calling posture and attracted one male, but it did not respond to the pheromone from females.

César Gemeno

Sylvia Anton

Jun Wei Zhu

Kenneth F Haynes

Morphology of the reproductive system and antennal lobes of gynandromorphic and normal black cutworm moths, agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)

黑切夜蛾（Agrotis ipsilon）雌雄同体和正常个体的生殖系统和触角叶形态学研究（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）

Jerzy Klag

Piotr Świa̧tek

Erratum to “Differentiation of primordial germ cells during embryogenesis of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Symphypleona)”

《对“Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Symphypleona) 胚胎发生过程中原始生殖细胞的分化”的勘误》

The external morphology of the cuticular spines, and the ultrastructure of the spines and neck gland in fifth instar Abananote hylonome larvae was studied. The larvae are spiny along the length of their bodies. Along the length of the spines are setae with a swelling towards the apical region. Internally, in the base of each seta there is a complex of secretory cells surrounding a large vacuole continuous with the seta. The neck gland is eversible, composed of a pair of oval internal sacks connected to the exterior via an extracellular canal produced by an invagination of the cuticle. The sack cells surround a reservoir containing an amorphous substance. In both the spines and neck gland the nuclei are large and irregularly shaped, typical of defensive glands of Lepidoptera. The border of the cells adjacent to the vacuoles (spines) and the reservoir (neck gland) is made up of numerous microvilli. We suggest that defensive compounds are produced in the gland cells and then later released via the vacuoles in the spines and the extracellular canal in the neck gland.

Frances Osborn

Fredi Sánchez

Klaus Jaffé

Ultrastructure of the spines and neck gland of Abananote hylonome Doubleday, 1844 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abananote hylonome Doubleday, 1844（鳞翅目：蛱蝶科）的刺和颈腺的超微结构

The reproductive system of many female Therevidae has a sac-like structure associated with the spermathecae. This structure, termed the spermathecal sac, has not been recorded previously from any other Diptera and appears unique to certain members of the Therevidae. There is enormous variety in spermathecal sac size and shape, with greatest development in the Australasian Therevidae. A histological examination of the reproductive system of two Australian therevids, Agapophytus albobasalis Mann and Ectinorhynchus variabilis (Macquart) (Diptera: Asiloidea), reveals that the spermathecal sacs are cuticle-lined and that the intima is frequently highly folded. In some mated individuals, sperm was found within the spermathecal sac, suggesting that sperm and perhaps male accessory gland material is deposited there during copulation.

Shaun L Winterton

David J Merritt

Anthony O’Toole

David K Yeates

Michael E Irwin

Morphology and histology of the spermathecal sac, a novel structure in the female reproductive system of Therevidae (Diptera: Asiloidea)

Therevidae（双翅目：Asiloidea）雌性生殖系统中新结构——受精囊的形态学和组织学

The spermatozoa of Bephratelloides pomorum are very long and fine. Each spermatozoon measures about 620 μm in length by 0.38 μm in diameter and, when seen under the light microscope, appears to be wavy along its entire length. The head, which is approximately 105 μm, comprises a small acrosome and a nucleus. The acrosome is made up of a cone-shaped acrosomal vesicle surrounding the perforatorium and the anterior end of the nucleus. Innumerable filaments radiate from it. The perforatorium has a diameter equal to that of the nucleus at their junction, where it fits with a concave base onto the rounded nuclear tip. The nucleus is helicoidal and completely filled with homogeneous compact chromatin. It is attached to the tail by a very long and quite electron-dense centriolar adjunct that extends anteriorly from the centriole in a spiral around the nucleus for approximately 8.5 μm. The tail consists of an axoneme with the 9+9+2 microtubule arrangement pitched in a long helix, as well as a pair of spiraling mitochondrial derivatives (with regularly arranged cristae) that coil around the axoneme, and two small accessory bodies. As well as the spiraling of the nucleus, mitochondrial derivatives and axonemal microtubules, the sperm of B. pomorum present other very different morphological features. These features include the acrosome and centriolar adjunct, both of which differentiate the spermatozoa from the majority of sperm found in other Hymenoptera. In addition these structural variations demonstrate that the sperm of chalcidoids provide characteristics that can certainly prove useful for future phylogenetic analysis at the subfamily level and, possibly, the genus too.

José Lino Neto

Sônia N. Báo

Heidi Dolder

Structure and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Bephratelloides pomorum (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

Bephratelloides pomorum (Fabricius) (膜翅目: 广肩小蜂科) 精子的结构与超微结构

The ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of the cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala, were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Eight different sensillar types were distinguished. These were; hair plate sensilla, sensilla chaetica, three types of sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, grooved peg sensilla and styloconic sensilla. The sensilla chaetica are known to be gustatory receptors. Ultrastructure indicates that the hair plate sensilla and sensilla trichodea type one are probably mechanoreceptors, whilst the sensilla styloconica are probably thermo-hygro receptors. These thermo-hygroreceptors are unusual in that they are innervated by two sensory cells (one hygroreceptor and one thermoreceptor) rather than the more usual triad. The remaining four sensillar types all have a porous hair shaft, indicating an olfactory role. One of these (the grooved peg sensillum) may also have a thermoreceptive function. No sexual dimorphism was found in the structure, number or distribution of the antennal sensilla.

Elspeth Bartlet

Roberto Romani

Ingrid H Williams

Nunzio Isidoro

Functional anatomy of sensory structures on the antennae of Psylliodes chrysocephala L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

金龟子属（鞘翅目：叶甲科）触角上感觉结构的机能解剖学

Publication Information	Publisher: Pergamon Press Ltd.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1971，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology

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