High Speed Ground Transportation J

A review of scales used for rating environmental noise is presented. One scale, the day-night equivalent noise level, is discussed in detail. Noise levels from present steel-wheel, steel-rail trains are presented and extrapolated for higher speed operation. This information is combined to predict the region of noise impact near a high-speed rail right-of-way. A comparison is made with the region of noise impact near a limited access highway with the same passenger flow rate. It is shown that (1) the region of noise environmental impact for high-speed trains is almost identical to the region of impact for a limited access highway with no trucks, and (2) that the region of impact may be reduced dramatically by using wayside acoustical barriers.

L E Wittig

High speed ground transportation journal

NOISE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF HIGH SPEED STEEL WHEEL VEHICLES

高速钢轮车辆噪声环境影响

For a given objective function which can be used for a system serving a single demand point, this paper defines a technique by which that objective function can be used to define an aggregate objective function for optimizing a system which is required to serve several different demand points. The objective function is defined for conditions under which demand is inelastic and all costs incurred by a group of users representing a single demand point must be paid by that group of users. The second condition is the same as the first, but with elastic demand. For the third condition, the problem of cross-subsidization among various users of the system is considered. The demand is considered to be elastic. Examples of the use of the technique for a commuter railroad are presented. In the examples, the objective function is the user cost where the cost includes fare, travel time, and the cost of inconvenience due to lack of service frequency.

W R Eberle

SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION WITH DIFFERING DEMANDS FOR SERVICE

服务需求差异下的系统优化

In the repulsive magnetic levitation of high-speed ground transport, the economic constraint placed on the reaction guideways to the superconducting magnets is that desirably they should be strip conductors of finite width. Theoretical studies, based on an experimentally verifiable formulation, show that the width of flat strip guideways should be wider than the flat rectangular super-conducting magnet by about twice the suspension height so as not to suffer loss in lift force and deterioration in the lift-to-drag ratio. Unfortunately, lateral guidance must be provided against a large destabilizing force.

B Ooi

LEVITATION, DRAG AND TRANSVERSE FORCES IN FINITE WIDTH SHEET GUIDEWAYS FOR REPULSIVE MAGNETIC LEVITATION

有限宽度排斥磁悬浮导轨中的悬浮、阻力和横向力

The appearance of the ways of transportation and their vehicles can be controlled by following good design principles. The impacts on living patterns and land use resulting from intrusions of transport ways are not so easily mitigated or controlled. The impact of appearance of the way is immediate as a visual and aural event. The impact upon living patterns and land use is long range and not completely predictable. In the matter of the aesthetic impact of a transport system it is important to give full consideration to its scale in relation to human life and the terrain it traverses. In the matter of scale of transport ways, high speed ground systems can offer some relief from the overpowering breadth of automobile roadways. Ground level transport systems also offer a means of controlling movement and, in the hands of competent planners, a means of guiding development. High speed ground transportation will require new vehicles for movement of people and goods providing designers with opportunities for fresh concepts for containing and expediting this movement.

C Montooth

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

高速地面交通系统对环境的影响

The transportation consumption of petroleum fuels in Canada and U.S. is analyzed and the fuel savings which could be realized through the use of more economical cars and through partial shift of automobile, air and truck traffic to rail and urban transit, are evaluated. They amount to 32% of energy and oil used in transportation. Through partial electrification of intercity rail, and urban auto, transit and truck traffic, the oil consumption could be reduced by a further 25%. The total saving of 57% in transportation corresponds to one-fifth of the total consumption of oil in Canada. The extra demand for electrical energy required for electric traction is evaluated; for electrification to be completed over a period of 20 years, the annual rate of growth of electrical energy production would have to increase by 1% p.a. (from 7% p.a. to 8% p.a.) In view of the increasing scarcity of oil, the railway share of traffic should be augmented, and modernization of North American Rail is necessary to achieve this desirable change. Rail modernization is contingent on the density of traffic. The traffic density distribution on Canadian and U.S. railroads compares favorably with that on other electrified systems and thus electrification of main lines in N. America appears practical. The required extra electrical generating capacity is a small fraction of the demand by other users. The rationalization of intercity passenger traffic in N. America is contingent on improvement of the quality of railway services. The deficiencies of the latter in Canada and U.S. are evaluated and the relationship between service quality and passenger traffic share is demonstrated. The major deficiencies of the current regulation of railways in Canada are identified. It is suggested that replacement of the present legislation is a necessary first step toward modernization of railway transportation in Canada.

J Lukasiewicz

ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES

加拿大与美国的能源与交通

This paper presents some results from a study of travel time reliability for private car commuter journeys conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Statistical analyses of the data were used to investigate the distribution of travel times, the independence of travel times on adjacent sections of a route and the relationship between congestion and the variability of travel times. Some new and some confirmatory results were obtained. The use of the results in a traffic assignment context is discussed and areas of future research outlined.

Publication Information	Publisher: Planning-Transport Associates，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1969，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

High Speed Ground Transportation J

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NOISE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF HIGH SPEED STEEL WHEEL VEHICLES

SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION WITH DIFFERING DEMANDS FOR SERVICE

LEVITATION, DRAG AND TRANSVERSE FORCES IN FINITE WIDTH SHEET GUIDEWAYS FOR REPULSIVE MAGNETIC LEVITATION

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES

TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY ON COMMUTER JOURNEYS

TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY ON COMMUTER JOURNEYS

TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY ON COMMUTER JOURNEYS

TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY ON COMMUTER JOURNEYS

TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY ON COMMUTER JOURNEYS